和现在分词及短语一样，过去分词(past participles)或过去分词短语(past participial ph
过去分词短语可以表达下列四种意思：转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
㈠方法或活动方式，如：
● He walked up and down,lost in thought.
● I sat before the desk until after mid-night,absorbed in writing.
● Surrounded by a host of fans,the film star left the airport excitedly.
㈡原因，如：
● Greatly disappointed,some staff decided to leave the place.
● Taken by surprise,the enemy surrendered.
㈢时间，如：
● Born and bred in a turbulent age,the older generation of people experienced all sorts of hardships.
● Thrown to the floor,the boy regained his footing a few minutes later.
㈣条件，如： ● Given more time,the slow learners would have done better.
● Criticised by someone else,Tony would not have flared up like that.
除了直接修饰动词之外，过去分词或短
语也可以和连词合组成短语，表示下列四种意思：
⒈由 when,whenever,while,until 等连词引导，表示“ 时间”，如：
● When asked about his previous job,Bill said he had been a motor mechanic.
● Susan seldom speaks in class until spoken to.
⒉由 where,wherever 连词引导，表示“地点”，如：
● Mosquitoes should be completely exterminated where found.
● Retirees in good health should be invited to return to work wherever needed.
⒊由 if,unless 引导，表示“条件”，如：转自环 球 网 校edu24ol.com
● If kept for too long,some medicines will lose their effectiveness.
● We have made a point of not attacking unless attacked.
⒋由 though,although,even though 连词引导，表示“让步 ”，如：
● Though warned of the danger,they still went mountaineering.
● Even though defeated for a second time,our team did not give up hope for the ultimate victory.
此外，过去分词短语还可以和介词“with”或“without”连用，具副词作用。如：
● With the water pipe choked,there wasn't any more water for use.
● Without anything left in the kitchen,the Wangs decided to eat out.
最后，过去分词短语，在适当情况下，可以有自己的主语而变成独立结构(the absolute construction)，如：
● The old man listened,his head inclined to one side.
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