故乡的雨
Rain in My Old Home
唐弢
Tang Tao
| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》
江南的春天素称多雨，一落就是七八天。住在上海的人们，平日既感不到雨的需要，一旦下雨，天气是那么阴沉，谁也耐不住闷在狭小的家里;可是跑到外面，没有山，没有湖，也没有经雨的嫩绿的叶子，一切都不及晴天好;有时阔人的汽车从你的身旁驰过，还带一身泥污回来。
Spring in the south is known to be During this season, it never rains there but it remains wet for seven or eight days on Dwellers in Shanghai, who usually do not feel the need for rain, will be bored with having to confine themselves in their close quarters when outside it is gloomy with While in the open, seeing no mountains, nor lakes, nor rain-drenched soft green leaves, you’ll find nothing comparable to a fine Sometimes, worse still, a rich man’s car flashing past may splash you all over with
要点：
1，“一落就是七八天”译为it never rains there but it remains wet for seven or eight days on ，相当于 it never rains there without remaining wet for seven or eight days on end,其中wet 作rainy,on end 意为continuously,或at a 英语常用never but +主语+动词，表达“未有…而不…”之意(双重否定表肯定~~)，也可译为”总是“如He never comes but he brings something for the
他哪次来都要给孩子们带些东西。
2，“耐不住闷在狭小的家里“译为be bored with having to confine themselves in their close quarters when outside it is gloomy with 其中对于否定词”耐不住“，译者采用一个形式上肯定，内容上否定的be bored with来译，符合英语的行文习惯。To confine themselves in/to,即“闷着”。
3，“没有山，没有湖，也没有经雨的嫩绿的叶子”多重否定句，用否定词+nor~
4,worse still，是增译的关联词，将上下文递进的关系表达了出来，使得行文更流畅~
综述：
注意新句型never but+主语+动词~
记得六七年前初来上海读书，校里的功课特别忙，往往自修到午夜;那年偏又多雨，淅淅沥沥，打窗飘瓦，常常扰乱我看书的情绪。我虽不像岂明老人那样额其斋曰：“苦雨”，天天坐在里面嘘气，但也的确有些“深恶而痛绝之”的念头。
I remember when I first came to Shanghai to attend school six or seven years ago, I used to be so very busy with my homework that I often had to sit up late into the As it happened to be a rainy year, I was often disturbed by the pitter-patter of rain beating down against the window and Indeed, I dislike rain with no less intensity than the elderly gentleman Qi Ming, who sits about moaning about the wet weather all day in his study, over the doorway of which hangs a horizontal board bearing an inscription in his own hand, “Distressing-Rain study”.
要点：
1， sit up late意为“深夜不睡”灰常常见~
2， “岂明老人”即周作人(字岂明)，因此译为the elderly gentleman Qi Ming，这类有中国特色的词翻译时一定要加注释哦，可以在不影响理解的情况下加在原文，也可用括号或脚注的方法，总之一定要解释给读者
3， “额其斋”即“ 给某人的书斋取名题字,然后挂到正堂墙或门的上方(所谓的额指的是墙或门的上方)”故“额其斋曰：‘苦雨’”译为over the doorway of which hangs a horizontal board bearing an inscription in his own hand, “Distressing-Rain study”.
4， “苦雨”中的“苦”更多地理解为“凄苦，悲惨”因此译为Distressing-Rain
5， “天天坐在里面嘘气”译为who sits about moaning about the wet weather all day in his study,其中moan相当于sigh之前我们在总结“感慨，感叹“的时候均有提及
6， To sit about意即“懒洋洋地闲坐“，用在此处较sit更为贴切
综述：注意末句“我虽不像岂明老人那样…但也的确有些“深恶而痛绝之”的念头“，译者在翻译时调整语序为”的确，我不喜欢雨，但程度不及‘岂明老人’，他….”,使译文在意思上更为通顺和连贯
可是这种事情只在上海才会有。少时留居家乡，当春雨象鹅毛般落着的时候，登楼眺望，远处的山色被一片烟雨笼住，村落恍惚，若有若无，雨中的原野新鲜而又幽静，使人不易忘怀!尤其可爱的是夜间。不知哪一年春天，我和两个同伴，摇着小船到十里外一个镇上看社戏，完场已是午夜，归途遇雨，船在河塘中缓缓前进，灯火暗到辨不出人面，船身擦着河岸新生的茅草，发出沙沙的声音。雨打乌篷，悠扬疾徐，如听音乐，如闻节拍，和着同伴们土著的歌谣，“河桥风雨夜推篷”，真使人神往。
But that’s something which can be experienced in Shanghai I’ll never forget the days when I enjoyed the spring rain in my native place as a small I would go upstairs to take a distant The faraway mountains were veiled in a misty The villages were now visible, now The wet open country was fresh and And the rainy evening was even more One spring, together with two companions, I rowed a small boat to a townlet ten li away to see a village At midnight, after the performance was over, we got caught in a rain on the way The boat made its way slowly and our faces were hardly distinguishable by the dim light of the Rustles were heard the boat rubbed its body against the newly grown green grass by the river The rain beating on the awning gave off a pleasant sound, as if with musical rhythm and My companions began to sing, to the accompaniment of the drip-drop, the local folk song In a Boat by a Bridge on a Rainy It was truly
要点：
1，“村落恍惚，若有若无”意同“村落若隐若现”，译为The villages were now visible, now 其中“now …and now…”作”时而…时而…”解
2，“和着同伴们土著的歌谣”意即”伴随着同伴们唱的地方歌谣“。译时颠倒过来，按”伴随着雨声，同伴们唱起一支地方歌谣…”译为My companions began to sing, to the accompaniment of the drip-drop, the local folk song…
3,“使人神往”=fascinating,简洁贴切
4，“不知哪一年春天，我和两个同伴，摇着小船到十里外一个镇上看社戏，/完场已是午夜，归途遇雨，/船在河塘中缓缓前进，灯火暗到辨不出人面，/船身擦着河岸新生的茅草，发出沙沙的声音。“是一长句，我们之前说过，在翻译时不推崇写太长的句子，因此在翻译时，译者根据主语和意群进行了断句，将原句译为4个分句，主语分别是I, we，the boat, rustles(沙沙声)，译文结构清晰~
综述：注意本段译者的断句~
这几年投荒都市，每值淫雨，听着滞涩枯燥的调子，回念故乡景色，真觉得连雨声也变了。人事的变迁，更何待说呢!
In recent years, living, as I do, in a big city remote from my old home, I invariably feel homesick listening to the harsh, monotonous drip, drip, drip of the O even the sound of rain has changed, to say nothing of the affairs of human life!
要点：
1，“投荒“本意为”贬谪“或”被流放到荒远处“，原文作者意为”寄居或居住在遥远的城市“，故译为In recent years, living, as I do, in a big city remote from my old home, as I do 是为了加强语气
2，“滞涩枯燥的调子“，”滞涩“即”刺耳“，”枯燥“即”单调“，分别译为harsh 和monotonous。
3，“调子“即”滴滴答答“的雨声，译者用拟声词drip,drip,drip 表达~和前面的pitter-patter也是拟声词，表示”淅淅沥沥“
4，“更待何说“即”更不用说“，译为to say nothing
综述：本篇是一篇回忆性散文，原文风格清新，语言质朴，口语化的表达是这篇不算长的文章的一大亮点，译者在充分理解的基础上，运用多种手法，使译文尽量在语言和风格上贴近原文
《雾》
Fog
茅盾
Mao Dun
| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》
雾遮没了正对着后窗的一带山峰。
The mountain peaks directly facing the back window of my room were veiled in
要点：
1， 本句采用被动语态，突出施动者，也给人一种画面感~
2， 将“雾”译为fog，而非mist，因为后者指的是“薄雾”，fog 指“雾，雾气”，smog指“烟雾”，haze则是指“雾霾”
综述：“雾”的表达有好多种，要选择最适合的一种~
我还不知道这些山峰叫什么名儿。我来此的第一夜就看见那最高的一座山的顶巅像钻石装成的宝冕似的灯火。那时我的房里还没有电灯，每晚上在暗中默坐，凝望这半空的一片光明，使我记起了儿时所读的童话。实在的呢，这排列得很整齐的依稀分为三层的火球，衬着黑魆魆的山峰的背景，无论如何，是会引起非人间的缥缈的思想的。
The names of these mountain peaks are still unknown to The first night when I was there I had seen the top of the highest mountain shining with lights like a precious crown set with As there was no electric light in my room, all I could do in the evening was sit quietly in the dark and fix my eyes on the midair radiance, which reminded me of the fairy tales I had read in my Indeed, the orderly array of lights shining in three indistinct tiers one above another against a background of dark mountain peaks could conjure up, without fail, visions of the
要点：
1，“我还不知道这些山峰叫什么名儿”译为The names of these mountain peaks are still unknown to 译者采用无灵主语，符合英文表达习惯，也避免了连续使用I 开头造成的句式上的重复。
2，“那时我的房里还没有电灯，每晚上在暗中默坐，凝望这半空的一片光明，使我记起了儿时所读的童话。”中的“没有电灯”与后文有隐含的因果关系，因此译为As there was no electric light in my room, all I could do in the evening was sit quietly in the dark and fix my eyes on the midair radiance, which reminded me of the fairy tales I had read in my
3，“这排列得很整齐的依稀分为三层的火球”译为the orderly array of lights shining in three indistinct tiers one above another，中文多层定语，翻译时要分别前置和后置~
综述：
注意本段多层定语的翻译~
但在白天看来，却就平凡得很。并排的五六个山峰，差不多高低，就只最西的一峰戴着一簇房子，其余的仅只有树;中间最大的一峰竟还有濯濯地一大块，像是癞子头上的疮疤。现在那照例的晨雾把什么都遮没了;就是稍远的电线杆也躲得毫无影踪。
In the daytime, however, it was all The five or six peaks forming the front row were about the same The westernmost one had on top a cluster of houses while the rest were topped by nothing but The highest one in the middle had on it a large piece of barren land, like the scar on a favus-infected human Now, as usual, the morning fog had shut out everything completely, including the not-too-distant wire
要点：
1，“并排的五六个山峰”多重定语，分前后，其中表状态的“并排的”可以后置，译为The five or six peaks forming the front row
2，“中间最大的一峰”中表位置的“中间“可以后置译为 The highest one in the middle
3，“濯濯” 指山坡上光秃秃的样子，译为barren land
4，“癞子头”是指黄廯感染的头，译为favus-infected human head
4，文中出现多次表示“遮盖”的词，译者根据不同语境，分别用了veil, shut out, shroud, obliterate作同义替换，记得总结哦
综述：
本段重点依旧在于多重定语的翻译，表位置和状态的定语可以后置译为状语~
渐渐地太阳光从浓雾中钻出来了。那也是可怜的太阳呢!光是那样的淡弱。随后它也躲开，让白茫茫的浓雾吞噬了一切，包围了大地。
Gradually, however, the sun managed to show through the dense Yet how pitifully pale it looked! And soon it disappeared altogether, leaving the white thick fog to engulf everything and shroud mother
要点：
1，“钻”即“从…中显露”译为show through，在遇到不会翻或找不到对应词的动词时，我们可以用一个词组或短语将此动作描述出来~
2,” 那也是可怜的太阳呢!光是那样的淡弱”意为“太阳的光线是那样弱，真是可怜”，合译为how pitifully pale it looked!
综述：
注意对于不熟悉的动词的翻译以及本段的合译~当然还是要尽量丰富自己的词汇，毕竟如果过多使用词组和短语也会使句子变的冗杂~
我诅咒这抹煞一切的雾
I hate the all-obliterating fog!
我自然也讨厌寒风和冰雪。但和雾比较起来，我是宁愿后者呵!寒风和冰雪的天气能够杀人，但也刺激人们活动起来奋斗。雾，雾呀，只使你苦闷，使你颓唐阑珊，像陷在烂泥淖中，满心想挣扎，可是无从着力呢!
Of course I hate biting wind and icy snow But when they are compared with fog, I would rather have the former than the latter! Though biting wind and icy snow sometimes be a killer, yet they can also spur people on to greater O you fog! You plunge us into a state of depression and dejection, from which we struggle in vain to extricate ourselves as if we were bogged down in a
要点：
1，“寒风和冰雪的天气能够杀人“译为biting wind and icy snow sometimes be a killer，其中”be a killer”比“kill people”更加简洁生动~
2，“雾，雾呀，只使你苦闷，使你颓唐阑珊，像陷在烂泥淖中，满心想挣扎，可是无从着力呢!”译为O you fog! You plunge us into a state of depression and dejection, from which we struggle in vain to extricate ourselves as if we were bogged down in a
① 原文是一个长感叹句，译者将主要的感叹词提前，后面译为陈述句，方便行文
② “使…”译为plunge sb into
③ “陷在“译为bog down在英语行文中”像…”一般出现在句末或句中，此处为了意思流畅，将其置于句末
④ 译者巧妙地将“满心想挣扎，可是无从着力”和“烂泥谭”用一定语从句串了起来译为from which we struggle in vain to extricate ourselves，其中“无从着力”即“徒劳地”译为in vain，来修饰struggle“挣扎”
综述：注意本段用定从串联起的合译，合译最主要的就是找主语，找动词，找关系~
傍午的时候，雾变成了牛毛雨，像帘子似的老是挂在窗前。两三丈以外，便只见一片烟云——依然遮抹一切，只不是雾样的罢了。没有风。门前池中的残荷梗时时忽然急剧地动摇起来，接着便有红鲤鱼的活泼泼的跳跃划破了死一样平静的水面。
about noon the fog turned into a fine misty rain like a curtain hanging still at the Some 30 feet away, a cloud of misty vapor prevailed, blotting out The air was Every now and then, the withered lotus stems in the pond in front of my door gave a sudden violent jerk as a red carp was seen splashing briskly out of the water to break the death-like
要点：
1，“只不是雾样的罢了”译为misty放在vapor(水雾)之前即可，准确简洁
2，“门前池中的残荷梗时时忽然急剧地动摇起来，接着便有红鲤鱼的活泼泼的跳跃划破了死一样平静的水面。”中“鲤鱼的跳跃”与“荷梗的摇动”是隐含的因果关系~用as
综述：分句间的关系大部分为因果或让步~
我不知道红鲤鱼的轨外行动是不是为了不堪沉闷的压迫?在我呢，既然没有杲杲的太阳，便宁愿有疾风大雨，很不耐这愁雾的后身的牛毛雨老是像帘子一样挂在窗前。
I wonder if the red carp’s aberration was due to its impatience with the unbearably oppressive status As for me, failing a bright sunshine, I would rather have a violent I cannot endure the fine misty rain which came in the wake of the gloomy fog to linger like a curtain hanging still at the
要点：
1，“红鲤鱼的轨外行动”中的“轨外”意即“反常”或“异常”，故全文为the red carp’s aberration，意同the red carp’s abnormal behavior
2,” 既然没有杲杲的太阳”意为“如无阳光灿烂”，译为failing a bright sunshine，其中failing 为介词，作“如果没有”解
3，“愁雾的后身的牛毛雨”也是多层定语，其中“愁雾的后身”即“伴随着愁雾而来的”可以后置，译为the fine misty rain which came in the wake of the gloomy fog
养成好习惯
梁实秋
Cultivating Good Habits Liang Shiqiu
| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》
人的天性大致是差不多的，但是在习惯方面却各有不同，习惯是慢慢养成的，在幼小的时候最容易养成，一旦养成之后，要想改变过来却还不很容易。
Men are about the same in human nature, but differ in Habit is formed little by little, and most easily in one’s once it is formed, it is difficult to
例如说：清晨早起是一个好习惯，这也要从小时候养成，很多人从小就贪睡懒觉，一遇假日便要睡到日上三竿还高卧不起，平时也是不肯早起，往往蓬首垢面的就往学校跑，结果还是迟到，这样的人长大了之后也常是不知振作，多半不能有什么成就。祖逖闻鸡起舞，那才是志士奋励的榜样。
For example, the good habit of early rising also starts from one’s early Many people, however, have been in the habit of sleeping late ever since they were They won’t get up till late morning on holidays and even oversleep on work Children are often late for school though they make a rush even without washing Such children, when they grow up, will often lack drive and most probably get The story of Zu Ti1 rising at cockcrow to practise swordplay should be a good example for all men of resolve to learn
要点：
1，“贪睡懒觉”译为sleeping late，如：Your headache comes from sleeping
即，你的头疼是睡懒觉的结果.
2，“一遇假日便要睡到日上三竿还高卧不起”直译的话会让外国人摸不着头脑，因此采取意译的方式译为They won’t get up till late morning on holidays
3，“蓬头垢面”意即“没有洗漱和整理”，也是不宜直译的一个词，现按意思译为without washing up。
4，“往往蓬首垢面的就往学校跑，结果还是迟到”可理解为一个让步句“尽管他们没有洗漱就往学校跑，仍旧是迟到”译为Children are often late for school though they make a rush even without washing up
5，“闻鸡起舞”即“听见鸡叫就起来舞剑”译为rising at cockcrow to practise swordplay，另“祖逖”是带有中国特色的词汇，宜采用释义法或加注法，此处因为释义法会造成句子的冗杂，译者采取了加脚注的方法
6，“志士”即“意志坚强者”译为men of resolve，resolve也可换为strong will,determination,aspiration。
综述：本段俗语，四字词，涉及中国特色的词汇稍多，对于一些不好翻译的四字词可采取“迂回战术”取其在语境中的意思来翻
我们中国人最重礼，因为礼是行为的规范。礼要从家庭里做起。姑举一例：为子弟者“出必告，反必面”，这一点点对长辈的起码的礼，我们是否已经每日做到了呢?我看见有些个孩子们早晨起来对父母视若无睹，晚上回到家来如入无人之境，遇到长辈常常横眉冷目，不屑搭讪。这样的跋扈乖戾之气如果不早早的纠正过来，将来长大到社会服务，必将处处引起摩擦不受欢迎。我们不仅对长辈要恭敬有礼，对任何人都应维持相当的礼貌。
We Chinese set great store by propriety because it is the accepted rules of social Propriety begins from the For example, children should keep their parents informed of their That is the ABC of good manners on the part of Yet some children just ignore their parents when they get up in the morning or come back from They often pull a long face and refuse to converse when they meet their If they continue to be so cocky and willful without correcting themselves as soon as possible, they will never get along well with other people some days as members of We should be polite not only to our elders, but also to all
要点：
1，为子弟者“出必告，反必面”即“孩子出门或回家必须向家长说一声”或“必须告知家长”，译为children should keep their parents informed of their 意为“行踪”
2，“起码的礼”译得很有意思，为the ABC of good manners，其中ABC作“基础知识”讲，意同basics，fundametals
3，“我们是否已经每日做到了呢?”表面上是反问，实则是否定，译者将其的意思体现在了下文里，因此没有译出，保持了行文的简洁
4，“视若无睹”和“如入无人之境”都表示“忽视父母”，译为ignore their parents即可
5，“将来长大到社会服务，必将处处引起摩擦不受欢迎”即“将来在社会上不能与他人和睦相处”，译为they will never get along well with other people some days as members of society
综述：注意本段“起码的礼”采用的套用法。
大声讲话，扰及他人的宁静，是一种不好的习惯。我们试自检讨一番，在别人读书工作的时候是否有过喧哗的行为?我们要随时随地为别人着想，维持公共的秩序，顾虑他人的利益，不可放纵自己，在公共场所人多的地方，要知道依次排队，不可争先恐后地去乱挤。
It is a bad habit to talk loudly to the disturbance of Ask yourself if you ever made a lot of noise while others were at their studies or at We should be considerate of others at all times and places, caring for public order and interests and abstaining from In crowded public places, you should line up and never push through to get ahead of
要点：
1，“大声讲话，扰及他人的宁静，是一种不好的习惯”译为It is a bad habit to talk loudly to the disturbance of 其中to 表示”导致，致使”,表示引起某种后果
2，“不可放纵自己”= abstaining from self-indulgence使用的是一个形式上肯定、语义上否定的动词结构
时间即是生命。我们的生命是一分一秒的在消耗着，我们平常不大觉得，细想起来实在值得警惕。我们每天有许多的零碎时间于不知不觉中浪费掉了，我们若能养成一种利用闲暇的习惯，一遇空闲，无论其为多么短暂，都利用之做一点有益身心之事，则积少成多终必有成。常听人讲过“消遣”二字，最是要不得，好像是时间太多无法打发的样子，其实人生短促极了，哪里会有多余的时间待人“消遣”?陆放翁有句云：“待饭未来还读书。”我知道有人就经常利用这“待饭未来”的时间读了不少的大书。古人所谓“三上之功”，枕上、马上、厕上，虽不足为训，其用意是在劝人不要浪费光阴。
Time is Our life is ticking away unnoticed minute by minute and second by It is certainly alarming when we come to think of Every day we are unconsciously wasting many odd We should acquire the habit of utilizing leisure time, and snatch every odd moment to do whatever is beneficial to our body and That will enable us to achieve good results little by People often talk most improperly about “seeking relaxation” as if they had more than enough time for them to while Life is, in fact, extremely How can you find so much surplus time for you to fool away? Lu Fangweng says in one of his poems, “Spend even the pre-meal odd moment in ” As far as I know, many people did snatch the odd moment before a meal to do a lot of Our ancients recommended “three on’s”, that is, doing reading even while you are on a pillow, on a horse or on a All that, though impracticable, serves the purpose of advising people not to waste
要点：
1，“零碎时间”=odd time,下文的odd moment
2,“讲起‘消遣’二字”译为talk most improperly about “seeking relaxation”，此处“消遣”译为relaxation,其本意为“休息，娱乐”
2,“最是要不得”意即“是最不合适的”译为most improperly
3, “待饭未来还读书。”即“饭前片刻也要用来读书”= Spend even the pre-meal odd moment in
4,“三‘上’之功”可直译为three ‘ons’,因为之后有对这个词的具体解释
5，“虽不足为训”本作“虽不足效法”，但此处作者的意思是“现在无法实施”，故译为though impracticable
6，“其用意是在……”= serves the purpose of doing
综述：tick away这类词用得生动且形象，值得学习借鉴。
吃苦耐劳是我们这个民族的标志。古圣先贤总是教训我们要能过得俭朴的生活，一个有志的人之能耐得清寒。这在个人之修养上是应有的认识，罗马帝国盛时的一位皇帝，Marcus Aurelius，他从小就摒绝一切享受，从来不参观那当时风靡全国的赛车比武之类的娱乐，终其身成为一位严肃的苦修派的哲学家，而且也建立了不朽的事功。这是很值得钦佩的，我们中国是一个穷的国家，所以我们更应该体念艰难，弃绝一切奢侈，尤其是从外国来的奢侈。从小就养成俭朴的习惯，更要知道物力维艰，竹头木屑，皆宜爱惜。
Ours is a nation known for industry and Frugality has always been the teaching of our ancient sages and wise A man of strong will should be able to endure Spartan living It should not be regarded as a disgrace to live a simple Nor should it be regarded as a glory to live a luxurious That should be the correct understanding one needs for Marcus Aurelius, emperor of the Roman Empire in its heyday, refused to enjoy all comforts of life from childhood and always keep kept away from amusements like the chariot race then in vogue and other fighting-skill He remained a life-long staunch Stoic philosopher and meanwhile distinguished himself by numerous Ours is a poor country, so it is even more necessary for us to see the tough conditions facing us and renounce all luxuries, especially those coming from We should build up the habit of leading a thrifty We should bear in mind that all material resources are hard to come by and should be treasured, even including their odds and
要点：
1，“吃苦耐劳是我们这个民族的标志”译为Ours is a nation known for industry and 这种句式转换之前在《话说短文》中也出现过“…是中华民族的传统”也用了此句式。
2，“一个有志的人之能耐得清寒”译为A man of strong will should be able to endure Spartan living 其中spartan或Spartan译为“斯巴达的，斯巴达式的”以及“艰苦朴素”解
3，“恶衣恶食，不足为耻，丰衣足食，不足为荣”= It should not be regarded as a disgrace to live a simple Nor should it be regarded as a glory to live a luxurious 注意否定+Nor的使用
4，“体念艰难”即“我们更需看到面临的灾难”，故译it is even more necessary for us to see the tough conditions facing us
5，“物力维艰”指财物来之不易，译为all material resources are hard to come by
6，odds and ends意即“零碎的东西，杂七杂八的东西”
综述：注意本段句式的灵活性
以上数端不过是偶然拈来，好的习惯千头万绪，“勿以善小而不为”。习惯养成之后，便毫无勉强，临事心平气和，顺理成章。充满良好习惯的生活，才是合于“自然”的生活。
The above points have been picked by me at Good habits are too numerous to be dealt with one by one, but none, however, are too small to Habit, once formed, will become your natural and spontaneous A life full of good habits will be a life conforming with the law of
要点：
1，“千头万绪”形容事情复杂纷乱，译为are too numerous to be dealt with one by one
2，…but none, however, are too small to 其中none too意为“一点也不”
综述：
四字词众多，使得文章的可读性增强，翻译时要在尽量保持原文意思的情况下，从句式和选词上体现其文学性
Zu Ti, a patriotic general of the Jin Dynasty (317-420 ). He was good friends with Liu Kun, another When they were young, being petty officials but highly motivated, they often encouraged each other and both rose at cockcrow to pratise
古城
The Ancient City
肖乾
Xiao Qian
| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》
初冬的天，灰黯而且低垂，简直把人压得吁不出一口气。前天一场雪还给居民一些明朗，但雪后的景象可不堪了!峭寒的北风将屋檐瓦角的雪屑一起卷到空中，舞过一个圈子以后都极善选择地向路人脖颈里钻。街道为恶作剧的阳光弄成泥淖，残雪上面画着片片践踏的痕迹。
It was early The gloomy and low sky made one feel A fall of snow a couple of days before had before had brought to the city dwellers a touch of brightness, but now what an ugly scene reigned! The raw wind sent the snow on the tiles along the eaves whirling in the air in tiny bits and adroitly making its way down the necks of the pedestrians by way of their The streets had become slushy by exposure to the prankish sun, and the thawing snow was dotted with traces of
要点：
1,” 初冬的天，灰黯而且低垂，简直把人压得吁不出一口气”译时分为两句，It was early The gloomy and low sky made one feel 简洁恰当，是翻译时常用的手法。
2，“把人压得吁不出一口气“即”使人感到窒息“，译为made one feel suffocating
3，“一些明朗“即”少许明朗“故译为a touch of brightness
4，“但雪后的景象可不堪了“即”但雪后的场景是多么不堪入目“译为but now what an ugly scene reigned!译者巧妙地用reign代替it is使得译文更加生动灵活
5，“极善选择地向路人脖颈里钻“意即”灵巧地往路人的脖子里钻“故译为adroitly making its way down the necks of the pedestrians by way of their ，其中by way of their collars(通过他们的衣领)是增益成分，原文虽无其词而有其意
综述：本段又出现了我们熟悉的拟人修辞，译者用whirl, make its way down,等动词 以及prankish等形容词很好地体现了出来~
飞机由一个熟悉的方面飞来了，洪大的震响惊动了当地的居民。他们脸上各画着一些恐怖的回忆。爬在车辙中玩着泥球的孩子们也住了手，仰天望着这只奇怪的蜻蜓，像是意识出一些严重。及至蜻蜓为树梢掩住，他们又重新低下头去玩那肮脏的游戏了。
A plane appeared out of the blue from a direction only too familiar to the local inhabitants, roaring to the alarm of everybody, on whose face was written memories of some previous Kids, who had been crawling about over ruts playing a game of small clay balls, now stopped to look up at the strange dragonfly in the sky, subconsciously feeling that something ominous was going to However, they soon lowered their heads again to bury themselves in the messy game as soon as the dragonfly disappeared from view behind the
要点：
1，“飞机由一个熟悉的方面飞来了“意为”飞机突然由一个当地居民所熟悉的方向飞来了“，故译为A place appeared out of the blue from a direction only too familiar to the local inhabitants。其中out of the blue,我们在《加德满都的狗》中见过，意为”突然地“，属增益成分，原文虽无其词而有其意。
2，“飞机由一个熟悉的方面飞来了，洪大的震响惊动了当地的居民。他们脸上各画着一些恐怖的回忆。“”他们“和”居民“是重合部分，可用定语从句进行合译为A plane appeared out of the blue from a direction only too familiar to the local inhabitants, roaring to the alarm of everybody, on whose face was written memories of some previous
综述：本段译文动词的使用十分精彩，如roar, written,crawl， bury oneself to。。。充分体现了原文生动简洁的语言风格，值得我们借鉴
那是一只灰色的铁鸟。对这古城，它不是完全陌生的。大家都知道它还有伙伴们，无数的，随在背后。这只是只探子。它展着笔直的翅膀，掠过苍老的树枝，掠过寂静的瓦房，掠过皇家的御湖，环绕灿烂的琉璃瓦，飞着，飞着，古城如一个臃肿的老人，盘着不能动弹的腿，眼睁睁守着这一切。
That was a grey iron bird by no means a stranger to ancient Everybody knew it was a scout with a multitude of “buddies” right behind With its straight wings spread out, it swept past sturdy old trees, quiet tile-roofed dwellings and lakes of imperial gardens, and circled over dazzling glazed It kept flying and The ancient city, like a clumsy old man sitting there with his numbed legs crossed, looked on helplessly in face of what was taking place before
要点：
1，“那是一只灰色的铁鸟。对这古城，它不是完全陌生的。“译为That was a grey iron bird by no means a stranger to ancient stranger 很好地体现了原文的修辞手法，两句合译也使得译文紧凑连贯
2，“同伴“译者此处用了一个较为口语化的词buddy,显得俏皮生动，但同时又加了引号，表达了一种戏谑的的语气
3，“盘着不能动弹的腿“意即”盘着失去知觉的的腿坐在那里“译为sitting there with his numbed legs crossed, sitting也是为了文章通顺增译的~
4，“眼睁睁守着这一切“即”无助地看着这一切在他眼前发生“译为looked on helplessly in face of what was taking place before him。
综述：本段依旧要借鉴译者精准的选词技巧~比如“臃肿的“在此并不是“肥胖”的意思，而应是“腿脚不灵便”之意，译者使用clumsy 就很好的体现了古城作为一个“老年人“的姿态，另外还有scout, sweep，sturdy等, 都是可以使文章升级的好词
城门低暗的洞口正熙熙攘攘地过着商贾路人，一个个直愣着呆呆的眼睛，“莫谈国事”惟一社会教育使他们的嘴都严严封闭着。又要有变乱了。他们也不知道是谁和谁，反正腌菜说不上得多备些的。随手还不能忘记为家里的灶王请下几股高线香，为的是保佑一家老少平安。
The dark low archway of the city gate was thronged with tradesmen and pedestrians passing to and fro, each staring blankly Acting on the public warning ‘No discussing state affairs”, people had learned to keep their mouth closely Yes, trouble seemed to be But they know not the trouble was between who and Maybe they should store up more pickled vegetables just in case, and remember to burn joss sticks before the image of the kitchen god at home so as to get a blessing from heaven on all their
要点：
1，“城门低暗的洞口正熙熙攘攘地过着商贾路人“译为The dark low archway of the city gate was thronged with tradesmen and pedestrians passing to and fro，译者在此采用了和原文一致的无灵主语做主语(好别扭~)，不仅贴合了原文也有利于下一句”一个个直愣着呆呆的眼睛“的衔接~
“他们也不知道是谁和谁“译为But they know not the trouble was between who and 其中know not 等于did not know,在否定句中省略助动词do 是古体英语，现仍见于书面语中，有节约用字，语调顺口的修辞效果
3，“反正腌菜说不上得多备些的“意即”也许得多备些腌菜，以防外一“译为Maybe they should store up more pickled vegetables just in case，just in case 为增译成分，原文虽无其词而有其意
4，“保平安“意即”得到上天的眷顾“译为so as to get a blessing from heaven on all their
综述：本段出现多种口语化表达，有些还比较别扭，需要转换为现代汉语再进行翻译~
阳光融化了城角的雪，一些残破的疤痕露出来了。那是历史的赐予!历史产生过建筑它的伟人，又差遣捣毁它的霸主。在几番变乱中，它替居民挨过刀砍，受过炮轰。面前它又面临怎样一份命运，没有人晓得。横竖居民是如潮似地向城里灌了。那是极好的晴雨表，另一个征服者又窥伺起这古城的一切。
As the snow began to thaw under the sun, the corners of the city wall revealed scars of That was something left on it by History had sent great men to build the wall, and history had also sent tyrants to destroy Again and again, it had, in time of turmoil, suffered knife-cuts and bombardment for the sake of the common Now, nobody could tell what kind of fate was in Anyway the local people were surging like a tide into the city for A perfect barometer it was indeed – another conqueror was eyeing the ancient city
要点：
1，“阳光融化了城角的雪，一些残破的疤痕露出来了“本句两个分句表面上主语各不相同，但其实第二句的意思为“城角的疤痕露出来了”，因此可以统一主语为“城角”，译为As the snow began to thaw under the sun, the corners of the city wall revealed scars of
2，“面前它又面临怎样一份命运，没有人晓得”很明显可以合译为nobody could tell what kind of fate was in 还可用await译为what kind of fate was awaiting
3,” 那是极好的晴雨表”译为A perfect barometer it was indeed…译者采用倒装的句型，加强语气~
综述：
注意译者在译“差遣”，“横竖”，“灌”，“窥伺”时的选词
古城自己任如一位臃肿的老人，低头微微喘息着，噙着泪守着膝下这群无辜的孩子——
The ancient city, like a clumsy old man bending low and gasping feebly, continued to watch over the group of innocent kids around him, his eyes brimming with
要点：
1， 本句为多动词句，“守着”为主要动词，但本句表状态的词有三个“低头”“喘息”“噙着泪”译者将前两个译为现在分词表伴随，第三个译为独立主格结构
书的抒情
Eulogizing Books
柯灵
Ke Ling
| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》
说到书，我很动感情。因为它给我带来温暖，我对它满怀感激。
I always think of books with profound feeling, being deeply indebted to them, as I am, for the warmth they have brought
要点：
1，题目“书的抒情“在此不宜直译，通过文章内容，我们可以将其理解为”书赞“译为Eulogizing Books或A Eulogy on Books,简译为On Bookes也是可以的，但缺乏感情色彩，不及前者贴切~
2，“说到书，我很动感情”即“我对书有很深的感情”，故译为I always think of books with profound feeling
3，“因为它给我带来温暖，我对它满怀感激。“译为being deeply indebted to them, as I am, for the warmth they have brought me。英汉差异的原因，英语中表示原因的句子通常后置(如果不是表特殊强调的话~)，这点在英译汉时尤为凸显
综述：柯灵的散文一项讲究文字的优美洗脸，他的文章在文字上非常讲究，这点在文章的题目上就可以就看出，因此我们在翻译时，在选词和理解上要尤为注意
书是我的恩师。贫穷剥夺了我童年的幸福，把我关在学校大门的外面，是书本敞开它宽厚的胸脯，接纳了我，给我以慷慨的哺育。没有书，就没有我的今天。——也许我早就委身于沟壑。
Books are my beloved In my childhood, when I was deprived of happiness and schooling by poverty, books took me to their large bosoms and nurtured me It is to them that I owe what I am Without them, I would probably have ended up in abject misery long
要点：
1，”贫穷剥夺了我童年的幸福，把我关在学校大门的外面，是书本敞开它宽厚的胸脯，接纳了我，给我以慷慨的哺育”注意本句在合译时，，将“贫穷剥夺了我童年的幸福，把我关在学校大门的外面”译为时间状语从句，取“书本”作主语，这种译法很巧妙地将分句意思串联在了一起，也值得我们学习和借鉴
2，“剥夺了我童年的幸福，把我关在学校大门的外面”译者将其视为一个意思，即“剥夺了我童年的幸福和受教育的机会”，进行合译，译为was deprived of happiness and schooling by poverty
3，“沟壑”本指“溪谷”山沟，常引申指“野死之处”，因此本句意为“死无葬身之处”，译为would probably have ended up in abject misery，意思是“结局悲惨”
综述：可以借鉴本段的合译技巧~句中出现时间状语，可将时间状语单独拿出来独立作一分句~
书是我的良友。它给我一把金钥匙，诱导我打开浅短的视界、愚昧的头脑、闭塞的心灵，它从不吝惜对我帮助。
Books are my good They have offered me a golden key to broadening my horizons and ridding myself of stupidity and They spare no efforts to help
要点：
1， 注意本段词语搭配问题，中文可以说“打开视界，头脑，心灵”但译为英语就要分别找其对应的搭配了~分别为“开拓视野”以及“使我摆脱愚昧和物质”，分别译broad horizon, rid sb of sth
书是我青春期的恋人，中年的知己，暮年的伴侣，有了它，我就不再愁寂寞，不再怕人情冷暖，世态炎凉。它使我成为精神世界的富翁。我真的是”不可一日无此君”。当我忙完了，累极了;当我愤怒时，苦恼时，我就想亲近它，因为这是一种绝妙的安抚。
Books are my sweethearts in my youth, my bosom friends in my middle age, and my companions in m y declining Accompanied by books, I never feel lonely, nor fear social snobbery or fickleness of the They have made a rich man of me in the inner I cannot do without them even for a single When I feel tired out after finishing my work, or when I am in a bad mood, I’ll try to get close to books for comfort ----the best way for me to find spiritual
要点：
1， make A of B,即“使B成为A”，之前的文章中也见过~
2， inner world 即“内心世界”，“ 人情冷暖”即social snobbery or fickleness of the world
这些都是文学翻译很常见的词~
综述：本段是很出名的一段，译文流畅自然，可以记下来哦
我真愿意成为十足的“书迷”和“书痴”，可惜还不够条件。
Oh, if only I were a confirmed bibliomaniac or bookworm! But, unfortunately, I’m still not fully qualified for one yet!
要点：
1， 本句表达了一种不能实现的愿望，故使用了虚拟语气，oh是添加成分，用以加重语气
不知道谁是监狱的始作俑者。剥夺自由，诚然是人世最酷虐的刑法，但如果允许囚人有读书的权利，那还不算是自由的彻底丧失;我对此有惨痛的经验。
I don’t know who was the despicable originator of the Deprivation of freedom is the most savage punishment on earth for sure, but, as I’ve learned from my own personal bitter experience, if prisoners are permitted the right to read they should not be regarded as totally devoid of
要点：
1，“监狱的始作俑者”意即“可鄙的监狱创始人”，故译为the despicable originator of the prison
2， for sure即“诚然，毫无疑问”
3， devoid of即“缺乏，没有”，同义词还有lack of
对书的焚毁和禁锢，是最大的愚蠢，十足的野蛮，可怕的历史倒退。当然书本里也有败类，那是瘟疫之神，死亡天使，当与世人共弃之。
Burning or banning books is the height of folly and barbarity, signifying a most horrible retrogression in course there is also some rubbish among books to be avoided like the plague or Death by
要点：
1，“最大的愚蠢，十足的野蛮”译为is the height of folly and barbarity，等于is an act of the greatest folly and barbarity
2,” 那是瘟疫之神，死亡天使，当与世人共弃之”合译时，可按“他们就像瘟疫或死亡天使，人皆避之”，译为be avoided like the plague or Death by
作家把自己写的书，送给亲友，献与读者，是最大的愉快。如果他的书引起共鸣，得到赞美，那就是对他最好的酬谢。在宁静的环境，悠闲的心情中静静地读书，是人生中最有味的享受。在“”覆亡的前夜，我曾经避开海洋般的冷漠与白眼，每天到龙华公园读书，拥有自己独立苍茫的世界这是我一个终生难忘的经历。书本是太阳、空气、雨露。我不能设想，没有书的世界是什么样的世界。
It is the greatest pleasure for a writer to present to his friends gift copies of a book authored by himself or to have it offered to the reading And he will feel richly rewarded if his books arouses public interest and earns wide
It is the greatest joy of life for one to spend his leisure time reading in quiet On the eve of the fall of the “Gang of Four”, I used to go to Longhua Park every day for a reading session, seeking shelter from a sea of frosty looks and hostile stares in a world of my That will forever remain an unforgettable experience of my are sunlight and air, rain and I can’t imagine what would become of the world without
要点：
1，“…是最好的酬谢”或“…是人生最有味的享受”均采取了it作形式主语的句式，将重心移到了句子的尾部，这也是我们处理“事实+评论”的句子时最常使用的手法，如”西方列强发现使中国接受不平等条约是轻而易举的“译为The western power found it was easy to force China to accept the unequal
2,”海洋般的“译为a sea of ,此处of 理解为同位语关系，比如an angle of a child(一个天使般的孩子)
3，“每天到龙华公园读书“译为used to go to Longhua Park every day for a reading session，其中session(本意为”阶段，环节“在此处表示”从事某项活动的一段时间“，这种译法跳出了常规，显得别具一格~
雨前
Praying For Rainfall
何其芳
He Qifang
| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》
最后的鸽群带着低弱的笛声在微风里划一个圈子后，也消失了。也许是误认这灰暗的凄冷的天空为夜色的来袭，或是也预感到风雨的将至，遂过早地飞回它们温暖的木舍。
The last flock of pigeons have also gone out of sight after doing their final circling in the soft breeze, the sound of their whistles barely They are hastening back to their warm wooden dovecote earlier than usual perhaps because they have mistaken the bleak leaden sky for nightfall or because of their presentiment of a
要点：
1，此题目可译为Before the Rain, 现按久旱盼甘霖的主题，把它译为praying for the rain,其中，praying for 的意思是”求“或”祈祷“
2，“带着低弱的笛声“译为the sound of their whistles barely audible，即”勉强能听到“或”几乎听不到“，译为faint sound of their whistle也是可以的，张培基中还提供了一种译法，即the sound of the whistle trailing off, 但我认为不如前两种确切。
3，hasten to someplace意即赶往某地，之前见到过~
4，误认为=mistaken for
综述：
本文的妙处在于大量拟人的运用。作者托物言志，借景抒情，流露出不满现实，的心态。而拟人体现在翻译中，大部分是通过动词的运用,本段还有presentiment等词，也给文章增色不少。
几天的阳光在柳条上撤下的一抹嫩绿，被尘土埋掩得有憔悴色了，是需要一次洗涤。还有干裂的大地和树根也早已期待着雨。雨却迟疑着。
The willow twigs, daubed with a light green by several days of sunshine, are now covered all over with the dust and look so sickly that they need to be And the perched soil and tree roots have likewise been dying for Yet the rain is reluctant to come
要点：
1，“几天的阳光在柳条上撤下的一抹嫩绿，被尘土埋掩得有憔悴色了，是需要一次洗涤。“译为The willow twigs, daubed with a light green by several days of sunshine, are now covered all over with the dust and look so sickly that they need to be 此处作者采取了顺译的方法，重点注意译者对”洒下“”埋掩“的处理~这句话中的嫩绿也可以直译为柳条上的枝叶。译为the light green willow leaves brought on by several days of sunshine now, covered all over with dust ,look so sickly and hence need to be
2,期待着=dying for, 与前文的pray for相呼应，与主题相呼应;迟疑着即“不愿意下“=be reluctant to
综述：注意译者对于细节描写的处理，dying for,和be reluctant to,生动贴切~
我怀想着故乡的雷声和雨声。那隆隆的有力的搏击，从山谷返响到山谷，仿佛春之芽就从冻土里震动，惊醒，而怒茁出来。细草样柔的雨丝又以温存之手抚摸它，使它簇生油绿的枝叶而开出红色的花。这些怀想如乡愁一样萦绕得使我忧郁了。我心里的气候也和这北方大陆一样缺少雨量，一滴温柔的泪在我枯涩的眼里，如迟疑在这阴沉的天空里的雨点，久不落下。
I can never forget the thunderstorm we often had in my home Over there, whenever the rumble of thunder reverberated across the valley, the buds of spring would seem to sprout freely after being disturbed and roused up from their slumber in the frozen Then tenderly stroked by the soft hands of fine rain, they would put forth bright green leaves and pink It makes me nostalgic and melancholy to think about the old times and my mind is as depressed as the vast expanse of North China is A tear stands in my dull eye and, like the rain lingering in the murky sky, is slow to roll
要点：
1，“那隆隆的有力的搏击，从山谷返响到山谷，仿佛春之芽就从冻土里震动，惊醒，而怒茁出来。“译为Over there, whenever the rumble of thunder reverberated across the valley, the buds of spring would seem to sprout freely after being disturbed and roused up from their slumber in the frozen 原文中的3个动词。”振动惊醒，和怒茁“其实是递升的关系，张先生在翻译时同时运用了主动语态和被动语态，使得原文的递升意义不复存在。现提供另一段译文。Those mighty crashes rumbled and reverberated from mountain valley to mountain valley, as if the new shoots of spring were shaking in the frozen gound, awakening, and bursting forth with a terrifying 。这段译文很好地体现了递升的手法，同学们可以对比记忆。
2，“细草样柔的雨丝又以温存之手抚摸它，使它簇生油绿的枝叶而开出红色的花。“突出地使用书面语或文学性词汇，也是本文的特色之一，加之这句话既有通感，又有拟人，因此在选词方面要尤为注意
3，“我心里的气候也和这北方大陆一样缺少雨量“不宜按字面直译，可理解为” 我的心情抑郁，和北方大地干旱达到同样严重的程度。“将其比喻的意思翻出来，译为my mind is as depressed as the vast expanse of North China is
4，“久不落下“汉语的否定结果比较单纯，否定词只有“不”、“非”、“否”、“勿”、“别”、“无”、“未”、“莫”、“不是”、“没有”、“决不”、“毫无”、“几乎没有”、“几乎不”等简单的词汇，汉语的传统是倾向于动词否定。
而英语的否定除借助词汇手段外，还借助句子结构和特殊表达方式来表达否定概念，既有动词否定，也有名词否定的习惯。
此处译者译为is slow to roll down, 是使用系表结构~表达了了形式上肯定，意义上否定的方法。
综述：
注意本段讲的否定句的译法~实际翻译时为了符合英语表达习惯，我们可以“形肯意否“或采取否定转移的方法~
白色的鸭也似有一点烦躁了，有不洁的颜色的都市的河沟里传出它们焦急的叫声。有的还未厌倦那船一样的徐徐的划行。有的却倒插它们的长颈在水里，红色的蹼趾伸在尾后，不停地扑击着水以支持身体的平衡。不知是在寻找沟底的细微食物，还是贪那深深的水里的寒冷。
White ducks have also become somewhat Some are sending out irritated quacks from the turbid waters of an urban Some keep swimming leisurely and tirelessly like a slow Some have their long necks submerged headfirst in the water while sticking up their webbed feet behind their tails and splashing them desperately so as to keep their There is no knowing if they are searching for tiny bits of food from the bottom of the creek or just enjoying the chill of the deep
要点：
在处理多层定语句“有不洁的颜色的都市的河沟里传出它们焦急的叫声“是译者采用了后置定语来翻译，译为the turbid waters of an urban creek，
2，第二个多层定语句“那船一样的徐徐的划行“译者巧妙地按其功能处理为了方式状语
swimming leisurely and tirelessly like a slow boat
3，“不知是在寻找沟底的细微食物，还是贪那深深的水里的寒冷。“中的”不知…”=there is no knowing…,并且对于“寒冷”一词的处理也比较贴切。
综述：
汉语定语一般为前置，而且很少使用超过两层以上的多层定语，这是汉语的传统。在英语翻译语言的影响下，现代汉语的多层前置定语已经成为普遍现象。与汉语相比，英语名词常常有多层定语限制，这些定语或前置或后置，或前后合并使用。明白了这些汉英差异，做起翻译也会稍微得心应手。
有几个已上岸了。在柳树下来回地作绅士的散步，舒息划行的疲劳。然后参差地站着，用嘴细细地抚理它们遍体白色的羽毛，间或又摇动身子或扑展着阔翅，使那缀在羽毛间的水珠坠落。一个已修饰完毕的，弯曲它的颈到背上，长长的红嘴藏没在翅膀里，静静合上它白色的茸毛间的小黑眼，仿佛准备睡眠。可怜的小动物，你就是这样做你的梦吗?
Some of them stagger out of the water and, to relieve their fatigue, begin to saunter up and down with a gentleman-like swagger in the shade of the willow Then, they stand about to preen their white plumage Occasionally they give themselves a sudden shake or flap their long wings to let off water drops from among their One of them, after grooming itself, turns round its neck to rest on the back, then buries its long red beak under its wings and quietly closes its small black eyes tucked away among the white find Apparently it is getting ready to Poor little creature, is that the way you sleep?
要点：
1，“有几个已上岸了。”译为Some of them stagger out of the water，其中stagger较come更加可取，因根据Longman词典，swagger一词作为动词的意思是to walk with a swinging movement, as if proud大摇大摆地走; 趾高气扬地走;作为名词的意思是 proud manner of walking昂首阔步;趾高气扬的走路姿态。
2，“然后参差地站着，用嘴细细地抚理它们遍体白色的羽毛，间或又摇动身子或扑展着阔翅，使那缀在羽毛间的水珠坠落。”在此译者译为Then, they stand about to preen their white plumage Occasionally they give themselves a sudden shake or flap their long wings to let off water drops from among their 两个分句，我们也可以将原句以“站”、“抚理”、“摇动”、“扑展”等并列动词构成的一句，从语法的角度可以理解为一个并列句，以多动词句的角度理解翻译，译为Then, standing in disarray, preening their white plumage carefully, they occasionally gave themselves a sudden shake or flap their long wings to let off water drops from among their
3，“一个已修饰完毕的，弯曲它的颈到背上，长长的红嘴藏没在翅膀里，静静合上它白色的茸毛间的小黑眼，仿佛准备睡眠。”译为One of them, after grooming itself, turns round its neck to rest on the back, then buries its long red beak under its wings and quietly closes its small black eyes tucked away among the white find 对于这种多动词的句子，使用现在分词和过去分词是最常用的方法。
4，“你就是这样做你的梦吗?”译者在此将做梦译为sleep，个人觉得dream 更好一些~
综述：
注意本段长句的综合技巧，有时对于参考译文我们要辩证的看待。
我想起故乡放雏鸭的人了。一大群鹅黄色的雏鸭游牧在溪流间。清浅的水，两岸青青的草，一根长长的竹竿在牧人的手里。他的小队伍是多么欢欣地发出啾啁声，又多么驯服地随着他的竿头越过一个田野又一个山坡!夜来了，帐幕似的竹篷撑在地上，就是他的家。但这是怎样辽远的想象啊!在这多尘土的国度里，我仅只希望听见一点树叶上的雨声。
The scene recalls to my mind the duckling raiser in my home With a long bamboo pole in hand, he would look after a large flock of gosling-yellow ducklings moving about on the limpid water of a shallow brook flanked on both sides by green How the little creatures jig-jigged merrily! How they obediently followed the bamboo pole to scamper over field after field, hillside after hillside! When night fell, the duckling raiser would make his home in a tent-like bamboo Oh, that is something of the distant past! Now, in this dusty country of ours, what I yearn for is to hear the drip-drip of rain beating against
要点：
1，“清浅的水，两岸青青的草，一根长长的竹竿在牧人的手里” 与英语比较起来，汉语在表达思想时，有突出主题而忽略主语的现象。因此对于无主句我们通常要找主语，而主语通常为已知的信息。此处译者将此句译为With a long bamboo pole in hand, he would look after a large flock of gosling-yellow ducklings moving about on the limpid water of a shallow brook flanked on both sides by green 不仅译出主语，还做了变通，显出文学性，但我们在翻译这类句子是，一般采用顺译的方法，比较保险。下面两种译法供大家参考A great swarm of yellowish crane ducklings floated in the streams , the shallow blue water beneath, the green grass on both banks, and the long bamboo pole in the hands of the
A great crowd of light yellow ducklings would be taken to the waters of the creek----limpid water, lush green grass on the banks, and a long bamboo staff in the herder's
2，“他的小队伍是多么欢欣地发出啾啁声”翻译拟声词时，虽然英语和汉语有很多词是可以对应的，但汉语的拟声词作为形容词，而英语的拟声词多为动词和名词。因此我们在翻译的时候要对词性和句形做调整。“唧唧叫”可译为cheep或chirp，jig-jig做拟声词用到的不多，(查完词典发现它居然还有些少儿不宜的意思，，，，建议大家还是用c开头的两个~
“这是怎样辽远的想象啊!”可以用how，此处用的that，同学们也可以学习下~译者使用现在时翻译，增加描述的生动性和现实感
综述：无主句，拟声词，感叹句，每个都不能忽略~
我仰起头。天空低垂如灰色雾幕，落下一些寒冷的碎屑到我脸上。一只远来的鹰隼仿佛带着愤怒，对这沉重的天色的愤怒，平张的双翅不动地从天空斜插下，几乎触到河沟对岸的土阜，而又鼓扑着双翅，作出猛烈的声响腾上了。那样巨大的翅使我惊异。我看见了它两胁间斑白的羽毛。
When I look up at a gray misty pall of a low-hanging sky, some dust particles feel chilly on my A hawk, seemingly irked by the gloomy sky, swoops down sideways out of nowhere, with wings wide-spread and immovable, until it almost hits the hillock on the other side of the But it soars skywards again with a loud I am amazed by the tremendous size of its And I also catch sight of the grizzled feathers on its
要点：
1，“天空低垂如灰色雾幕”译为a gray misty pall of a low –hanging sky,等于a low-hanging sky resembling a gray misty 同样的栗子如：a toy of a house=a toy-like house,a dwarf of a man=a dwarf –like a
2,”远来的“译为out of nowhere(不知从哪儿来的), 通常我们译为coming from afar, 但前者更为传神贴切。
3，“沉重的天色”是一个移就修辞格的表达，作者把原来属于形容人的心情的“沉重”
转移到形容非生命的“天空”，译为the gloomy sky，也可以参考第一段译为leaden sky
综述：
在描写“鹰“时，译者又运用了大量生动形象的动词。需要注意接着听见了它有力的鸣声，如同一个巨大的心的呼号，或是在黑暗里寻找伴侣的叫唤。
然而雨还是没有来。
Then I hear its loud cry — like a powerful voice from the bottom of its heart or a call in the dark for its comrades in arms .But still no
要点：
1，“伴侣“此处有”战友“的含义，故译comrade in arms
2,” 然而雨还是没有来” 语篇中有一些与长句交织在一起的短句，这些短句的不时出现，像音乐中不时出现在主旋律旁边的一个副旋律，共同组合成一个和谐的音乐篇章。因此对于这个短句，译者也进行了短句处理。长短句结合，体现散文的美美美!
张培基英译散文赏析
在日复一日的学习、工作或生活中，大家应该都对散文很熟悉吧？狭义上的散文是指与诗歌、小说、戏剧并行的一种文学体裁。相信很多人都觉得散文很难写吧？下面是小编为大家整理的张培基英译散文赏析，希望能够帮助到大家。
雨前
Praying For Rainfall
何其芳
He Qifang
| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》
中文：
我怀想着故乡的雷声和雨声。那隆隆的有力的搏击，从山谷返响到山谷，仿佛春之芽就从冻土里震动，惊醒，而怒茁出来。细草样柔的雨丝又以温存之手抚摸它，使它簇生油绿的枝叶而开出红色的花。这些怀想如乡愁一样萦绕得使我忧郁了。我心里的气候也和这北方大陆一样缺少雨量，一滴温柔的泪在我枯涩的眼里，如迟疑在这阴沉的天空里的雨点，久不落下。
英文：
I can never forget the thunderstorm we often had in my home town. Over there, whenever the rumble of thunder reverberated across the valley, the buds of spring would seem to sprout freely after being disturbed and roused up from their slumber in the frozen soil. Then tenderly stroked by the soft hands of fine rain, they would put forth bright green leaves and pink flowers. It makes me nostalgic and melancholy to think about the old times and my mind is as depressed as the vast expanse of North China is thirsty. A tear stands in my dull eye and, like the rain lingering in the murky sky, is slow to roll down.
要点：
1，“那隆隆的有力的搏击，从山谷返响到山谷，仿佛春之芽就从冻土里震动，惊醒，而怒茁出来。“译为Over there, whenever the rumble of thunder reverberated across the valley, the buds of spring would seem to sprout freely after being disturbed and roused up from their slumber in the frozen soil. 原文中的3个动词。”振动惊醒，和怒茁“其实是递升的关系，张先生在翻译时同时运用了主动语态和被动语态，使得原文的递升意义不复存在。现提供另一段译文。Those mighty crashes rumbled and reverberated from mountain valley to mountain valley, as if the new shoots of spring were shaking in the frozen gound, awakening, and bursting forth with a terrifying vigour.。这段译文很好地体现了递升的手法，同学们可以对比记忆。
2，“细草样柔的雨丝又以温存之手抚摸它，使它簇生油绿的枝叶而开出红色的花。“突出地使用书面语或文学性词汇，也是本文的特色之一，加之这句话既有通感，又有拟人，因此在选词方面要尤为注意
3，“我心里的气候也和这北方大陆一样缺少雨量“不宜按字面直译，可理解为” 我的心情抑郁，和北方大地干旱达到同样严重的程度。“将其比喻的意思翻出来，译为my mind is as depressed as the vast expanse of North China is thirsty.
4，“久不落下“汉语的否定结果比较单纯，否定词只有“不”、“非”、“否”、“勿”、“别”、“无”、“未”、“莫”、“不是”、“没有”、“决不”、“毫无”、“几乎没有”、“几乎不”等简单的词汇，汉语的传统是倾向于动词否定。
而英语的否定除借助词汇手段外，还借助句子结构和特殊表达方式来表达否定概念，既有动词否定，也有名词否定的习惯。
此处译者译为is slow to roll down, 是使用系表结构~表达了了形式上肯定，意义上否定的方法。
综述：
注意本段讲的否定句的译法~实际翻译时为了符合英语表达习惯，我们可以“形肯意否“或采取否定转移的方法~
中文：
白色的鸭也似有一点烦躁了，有不洁的颜色的都市的河沟里传出它们焦急的叫声。有的还未厌倦那船一样的徐徐的划行。有的却倒插它们的长颈在水里，红色的蹼趾伸在尾后，不停地扑击着水以支持身体的.平衡。不知是在寻找沟底的细微食物，还是贪那深深的水里的寒冷。
英文：
White ducks have also become somewhat impatient. Some are sending out irritated quacks from the turbid waters of an urban creek. Some keep swimming leisurely and tirelessly like a slow boat. Some have their long necks submerged headfirst in the water while sticking up their webbed feet behind their tails and splashing them desperately so as to keep their balance. There is no knowing if they are searching for tiny bits of food from the bottom of the creek or just enjoying the chill of the deep water.
要点：
1.在处理多层定语句“有不洁的颜色的都市的河沟里传出它们焦急的叫声“是译者采用了后置定语来翻译，译为the turbid waters of an urban creek。
2，第二个多层定语句“那船一样的徐徐的划行“译者巧妙地按其功能处理为了方式状语
swimming leisurely and tirelessly like a slow boat
3，“不知是在寻找沟底的细微食物，还是贪那深深的水里的寒冷。“中的”不知…”=there is no knowing…,并且对于“寒冷”一词的处理也比较贴切。
综述：
汉语定语一般为前置，而且很少使用超过两层以上的多层定语，这是汉语的传统。在英语翻译语言的影响下，现代汉语的多层前置定语已经成为普遍现象。与汉语相比，英语名词常常有多层定语限制，这些定语或前置或后置，或前后合并使用。明白了这些汉英差异，做起翻译也会稍微得心应手。
【微语】第二杯半价这种福利从来没享受过啊！
