同义句转换
1）He speaks French as well as
He speaks French inaddition to/besides
2) Apart from the salary,it’s not a bad
In addition to/Exceptthe salary, it’s not a bad
announce: 公布；宣告
He announced 他宣布了他的决定。
absorb
1) 吸收 A sponge absorbs 海绵吸水。
【习惯用语】
2）专心于
★ be absorbed in sth: 专心的，全神贯注的
The little girl wasabsorbed in reading a 这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。
challenge 挑战; 挑战书; 邀请比赛; 要求决斗
向挑战, 要求, 怀疑 ; 挑战, 对(证据等)表示异议
meet the serious challenge 面对严峻挑战
Unit4 Making the News
【重点词汇、短语】
delighted 快乐的，欣喜的
assist 帮助，协助
process 加工，处理，过程，程序
concentrate on 集中，聚集
acquire 获得，学到
assess 评估，评定
inform 通知
depend on 依靠
accuse… of 控告
so as to 为了
demand 需求，要求
ahead of 在…前面
approve 许可，批准
【重点句型】
Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English
周阳永远不会忘记他在一家知名的英语报报社第一天上班的工作任务。
You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re
你将会发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你，如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去钻研。
Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my
对摄影我不只是感兴趣，在大学里我还专修过业余摄影课来更新我的技术。
only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to
只有提很多不同的问题，你才能收集到你需要的信息。
They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the
他们必须通过调查研究来获悉被遗漏的那部分情况。
Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the persons
同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。
Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?
你们有没有过这样的情况：有人控告你的记者，说他们的报道完全失实呢？
This is how the story
事情是这样的。
He denied taking money but we were
他否认收了钱，但我们对此表示怀疑。
It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were
这事有些为难，因为如果我们错了，这名足球运动员就可以向我们索要赔偿。
【语法总结】倒装句（点击“倒装句”即可查看全部内容）
Unit 1:
put forward: 提出(计划、建议等);将…提前;把钟表拨快
He put forward a good plan for 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。
The match has been put forward to 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。
Put the clock forward by ten 把钟表拨快十分钟。
【词语联想】
? put away: 收起来;贮存，储蓄
? put down: 放下;写下，记下
? put off: 推迟;延期
? put on: 穿上;增加;上演(戏剧) on weight: 增加了体重put on a new play: 上演新戏剧
? put up: 张贴;撑开(帐篷) up a poster put up a tent: 搭起帐篷
conclude: 作结论，断定( 结论)
The jury concluded that he was 陪审团认定他有罪。
【习惯用语】★draw a conclusion 作出结论
defeat 打败, 击败, 战胜;使(希望, 计划等)失败, 挫败; 阻挠, 使无效
He finally conceded 他最终承认了失败。
◆区别: defeat, conquer,overcome
? defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”, defeat the enemy 打败敌人。
? conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”, conquer nature
? overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, overcome difficulties
attend:
1) to be present at; go to (meeting,conference, ) 出席;参加
He decided to attend the meeting himsel
他决定亲自赴会。
2) to look after, care for, serve 照顾;看护。3
Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位医生护理你?
3)to go with 伴随
The work was attended with 这项工作带来许多困难。
Don't expose your skin to the sun fortoo
They had to be exposed to the enemy'
blame for 因为某事责备某人
He blamed the boy for his
★be to blame: 应受责备，应负责任
Who is to blame for the mistake?这个错误应归咎于谁?
in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相当于besides, what's more
I paid 100 Yuan in
In addition to English, he has to study asecond
◆区别: in addition to,except, besides,beside
? in addition to：除…之外，还有…，表示递进关系。
The company provided the workers withfree lunch in addition to paid 这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。
? except: 除…之外，表示在整体中排除，
Everyone except me got an 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬.
? besides 表示“除了……以外，还有……”，与in addition to 同义，
Besides Mr Wang, we also went to seethe 王先生也去了。
We all agreed besides 我们都同意, 他也同意。
? beside : 在…旁边。表示方位。
Lily sits beside me in 莉莉在班上做我旁边。
同义句转换
1)He speaks French aswell as
He speaks French in addition
2) Apart from the salary, it’s not a
In addition to/Except the salary, it’snot a bad
announce: 公布;宣告
He announced his 他宣布了他的决定。
absorb
1) 吸收A sponge 海绵吸水。
2)专心于
★be absorbed in sth: 专心的，全神贯注的
The little girl was absorbed in reading 这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。 challenge 挑战; 挑战书; 邀请比赛; 要求决斗
向挑战, 要求, 怀疑; 挑战, 对(证据等)表示异议
meet the serious challenge 面对严峻挑战
【重点词汇、短语】
put forward 提出
conclude 结束，结论
draw a conclusion 得出结论
defeat 打败
attend 照顾，护理，出席
expose to 使显露
cure 治愈，治疗
challenge 挑战
suspect 怀疑，被怀疑者
blame 责备
handle 柄，把手，处理，掌控
link 联系，连接
link to 将…和…连接
announce 宣布
contribute 捐献，贡献
apart from 除了
be strict with 对…严格
make sense 讲的通，有意义
spin 使旋转
reject 拒绝，抛弃
【重点句型】
What do you know about infectious diseases?
你对传染性疾病了解多少?
John Snow was a famous doctor in London – so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal
约翰?斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为维多利亚女王的私人大夫。
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to
但当他一想到要帮助患了霍乱的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奋。
Neither its cause, nor its cure was
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was
他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their
第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed
约翰?斯诺猜想第二个理论是正确的，但他需要证据。
It seemed that the water was to
看来要归罪于饮用水了。
He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be
约翰?斯诺马上叫宽街上惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。
【语法总结】
过去分词作定语和表语
一. 过去分词作表语
作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态，相当于形容词，强调主谓关系;被动语态表示动作，强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。
过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异:
The store is now (系表)
The library is usually closed at 8:00 (被动)
某些过去分词作表语，多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化, 其主语主要是人。
这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect .
二. 过去分词作定语
作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。
过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，置于其所修饰的名词之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed
我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
过去分词短语用作定语时，置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。
The concert given by their friends was a
他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。
The meeting，attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the great
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。
语法总结
过去分词作状语
过去分词短语作状语，可表示时间，原因，条件等，可发展为一个状语从句。过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语。
过去分词作状语时的具体用法：
过去分词作时间状语相当于一个时间状语从句。例如：
Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his
当他被问问题的时候,他低下了头。
过去分词作原因状语相当于一个原因状语从句。例如：
Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep
因为害怕老虎, 这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。
过去分词作条件状语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：
Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow
如果种在肥沃的土壤里， 这些种子能长得很快。
过去分词作让步状语相当于一个让步状语从句。例如：
Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at
虽然John被单独留在房间里, 他一点都不害怕。
过去分词作状语表示伴随动作或状态。例如：
The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of
老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。
重点词汇、短语
consist 组成，在于，一致
consist of 由…组成
divide…into 把…分成
break away from 脱离
to one’s credit 在…的名下，为…带来荣誉
attract 吸引，引起注意
leave out 省去，遗漏，不考虑
plus 加上，和，正的
take the place of 代替
break down 损坏，破坏
arrange 安排
fold 折叠，对折
delight 快乐，高兴，喜悦
【一般过去时】
一般过去时的定义
一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态。常与过去时间yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when – clause, in the past连用。如：
What did you do yesterday? 昨天你干了什么?
I met Lin Tao this 今天上午我会到了林涛。
I was there a moment 刚才我在那儿。
一般过去时的应用
(1) 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
Liu Ying was in America last 刘英去年在美国。
Jim rang you just 吉姆刚才给你打了电话。
(2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常接时间副词often, usually, always, sometimes, every day / week, 如：
We often went out for a walk after 我们过去常在晚饭后散步。
We usually played 我们通常一起玩。
一般过去时对谓语动词的要求
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一般过去时的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种形式，不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆，规则变化则遵循以下原则：
(1) 一般在动词后加-ed。如：play—played, offer—offered, weigh—weighed, destroy— destroyed, sign—
(2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加-d。如：like—liked, provide—provided, hate — hated, date—dated。
(3) 在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后，则改y为i，再加—ed。如：supply—supplied, fly—flied, study—
(4) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：plan—planned, refer—referred, regret—regretted, ban—
特别说明
有些动词的过去时，如：expect, hope, intend, plan, wanted 等一般过去时，后接不定式的完成时;或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式，都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望。如：
I hoped to have been invited to his wedding —I had hoped to be invited to his wedding 我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。
I intended to have joined their —I had intended to join their 我本打算参加他们的比赛。
【现在完成进行时】
现在完成进行时的定义
现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。如：
We have been waiting for him for two 我们等他等了两个小时。
现在完成进行时的结构
现在完成进行时由“have /has been + 现在分词”构成。
现在完成进行时的应用
现在完成进行时所用的时间状语：this month / week / year, these days, recently / lately, in the past few + 时间段, since +时间点, for + 时间段。如：
They have been building the bridge for two 两个月来他们一直在修桥。
They have been planting trees this 这个月来他们一直在植树。
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
(1) 现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。如：
He has changed his 他改变了想法。
(2) 在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。如：
We have been studying here for two 我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。
(3) 有些延续性动词(如 keep, learn, live, stay, study, work等)，用于现在完成时或现在完成进行时的区别不大。如：
I have lived here for many have been living here for many 我在这儿住了多年了。
【动词语法】
1 系动词
系动词亦称联系动词(link Verb)，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语(亦称补语)，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。例如：
He fell ill 他昨天病了。(fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。)
He fell off the 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。例如：
He is a 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如：
He always kept silent at 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。例如：
He looks 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very 他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very 这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very 这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。例如：
He became mad after 自那之后，他疯了。
She grew rich within a short 她没多长时间就富了。(北京安通学校提供)
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意。例如：
The rumor proved 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
2 助动词
1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。例如：
He doesn′t like 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn′t是助动词，无词义;like是主要动词，有词义)
2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：
表示时态。例如：
He is 他在唱歌。(北京安通学校提供)
He has got 他已结婚。
表示语态。例如：
He was sent to 他被派往英国。
构成疑问句。例如：
Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。例如：
I don′t like 我不喜欢他。
加强语气。例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know 他的确知道那件事。
3) 最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。
3 助动词be的用法
1) be +现在分词，构成进行时态。例如：
They are having a 他们正在开会。
English is becoming more and more 英语现在越来越重要。(北京安通学校提供)
2)be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：
The window was broken by 窗户是汤姆打碎的。
重点词汇、短语
impression 印象，感想
take up 拿起，开始，继续
constant 时常发生的，连续不断的
previous 在前的，早先的
guide 指导，向导
lack 缺乏，没有
lose sight of 看不见
sweep up 横扫
slide into 移动，溜进
optimistic 乐观的
speed up 加速
desert 沙漠
instant 瞬间，片刻
settlement 定居，解决
重点词汇、短语
consist 组成，在于，一致
consist of 由…组成
divide…into 把…分成
break away from 脱离
to one’s credit 在…的名下，为…带来荣誉
attract 吸引，引起注意
leave out 省去，遗漏，不考虑
plus 加上，和，正的
take the place of 代替
break down 损坏，破坏
arrange 安排
fold 折叠，对折
delight 快乐，高兴，喜悦
重点词汇、短语
put forward 提出
conclude 结束，结论
draw a conclusion 得出结论
defeat 打败
attend 照顾，护理，出席
expose to 使显露
cure 治愈，治疗
challenge 挑战
suspect 怀疑，被怀疑者
blame 责备
handle 柄，把手，处理，掌控
link 联系，连接
link to 将…和…连接
announce 宣布
contribute 捐献，贡献
apart from 除了
be strict with 对…严格
make sense 讲的通，有意义
spin 使旋转
reject 拒绝，抛弃
语法总结
过去分词作定语和表语
一. 过去分词作表语
作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态，相当于形容词，强调主谓关系;被动语态表示动作，强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。
过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异:
The store is now (系表)
The library is usually closed at 8:00 (被动)
某些过去分词作表语，多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化, 其主语主要是人。
这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect .
二. 过去分词作定语
作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。
过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，置于其所修饰的名词之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed
我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
过去分词短语用作定语时，置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。
The concert given by their friends was a
他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。
The meeting，attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the great
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。
【重点词汇、短语】
consist 组成，在于，一致
consist of 由…组成
divide…into 把…分成
break away from 脱离
to one’s credit 在…的名下，为…带来荣誉
attract 吸引，引起注意
leave out 省去，遗漏，不考虑
plus 加上，和，正的
take the place of 代替
break down 损坏，破坏
arrange 安排
fold 折叠，对折
delight 快乐，高兴，喜悦
【重点句型】
How many countries does the UK consist of?
联合王国由几个国家组成?
You can easily clarify this question if you study British
如果你学习了英国历史，很容易就能弄清楚这个问题。
Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as
令人高兴的是，这件事没有引起冲突就完成了，那时候苏格兰的詹姆斯国王也成为了英格兰和威尔士的国王。
However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own
然而，爱尔兰的南部却不愿意而分离出去了，并建立了自己的政府。
To their credit the four countries do work together in some
值得表扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作。
England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three
在这四个国家中，英格兰最大，为了方便起见，它大致被分为了三个地区。
You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and
如果你想要使你的英国之旅愉快又有意义，你就必须留心观察。
Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in
由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。
It looked splendid when first
刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌。
What interested her most was the longitude
她最感兴趣的是那条经线。
【语法总结】
过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态或性质，过去分词所表示的动作和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。
一. 能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有三类：
表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如：see, hear, feel, watch, notice;think(认为), consider, find等。
We saw the thief caught by the
我看见小偷被警察抓住了。
We thought the game
我们认为球赛输了。
表示“致使”或“保持某状态”意义的动词，如：make, get, have, keep, leave等。
Don’t leave such an important thing
不要让这么重要的事没有人做。
He had his hat blown away on his way
在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。
表示“希望、要求、命令”等动词，如：want, wish, like, expect, order等。
I want the house white-washed before we move
我想要房子在我搬进去之前粉刷完。
He won’t like such questions discussed at the
他不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。
二. "with +宾语+过去分词"结构
"with +宾语+过去分词"结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间，方式，条件，原因等状语。例如：
The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)
With water heated,we can see the 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)
With the matter settled,we all went 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)
consist of = be made up of 由……组成 (没有进行时)
The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern
=Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the
区别:
? separate from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来)
? 把…分开 (把整体分为若干部分)
The teacher divided the class into two
The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from
debate about
They debate about the proposal for three
debate /argue/ quarrel
clarify: (cause to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清;阐明;清楚;明了
I hope what I say will clarify the
Can you clarify the question?
be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接
【习惯用语】★ link A to B 将A和B连接起来
refer to
1)提及，指的是……
When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?
2) 参考;查阅;询问
If you don't understand a word you may refer to your
Please refer to the last page of the book for
3) 关系到;关乎
What I have to say refers to all of
This rule refers to
reference: 参考 reference books 参考书
to one's surprise (prep)
“to one's + 名词” 表 “令某人……”
常见的名词有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等
I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for
To John's great relief they reached the house at
found themselves united peacefully
“find +宾语+宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语;不定式)”
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the
You'll find him easy to get along
They found themselves trapped by the bush
When I woke up, I found myself in
I called on him yesterday, but I found him
get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做…….
I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll
get + + to do
get + + doing
You'll get her to
I'll get the car
get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被…….”
Be careful when you cross this very busy
break away (from sb / sth) 脱离;破除…
It is not easy for him to break away from bad
The man broke away from his
break down (会谈)破裂，失败;(汽车等)出故障;(人的健康状况)变得恶劣;(情感)失控
His car broke down on the way to work this
His health broke down under the pressure of
He broke down and wept when he heard the
Talks between the two countries have completely broken
? break in 闯入;打岔
? break off 中断，折断
? break into 闯入
? break out 爆发;发生
? break up 驱散;分散，拆散
as well as 不仅…而且;既…又…
He is a teacher as well as a
The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the
convenience: 方便;便利(convenient: )
We bought this house for its
attraction: (attract: )
1). 吸引;引力(不可数 ) attraction of gravitation 重力
2). 吸引人的东西;喜闻乐见的东西;精彩节目(可数 )
He can't resist the attraction of the sea on a hot
A big city offers many and varied
What are the principle attractions this evening?
influence
1) 对…产生影响 What influence you to choose a career in teaching?
2)可数 产生影响的人或事 He is one of the good influences in the
3) (不可数) 影响 A teacher has great influence over his
一、重点词汇总结
impression 印记;印象;感想;后接 of of on that 从句; My first impression of him was 他给我的第一印象非常讨人喜欢。 I got the impression that they were unhappy about the 他们给我的印象是他们对这个情形不是很开心。
知识拓展：impress 给……留下深刻的印象;使铭记;使感动;常用结构有：impress on/upon with 给……留下深刻的印象;使铭记; It impressed me that she remembered my 令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。
remind 提醒;使想起;常用结构有: remind to do 提醒某人做某事;remind +(that)/wh-从句 提醒某人……;使某人想起……;remind about/of 使某人想起或意识到……;提醒某人某事 I'm sorry, but I've forgotten your name, can you remind me? 很抱歉，我忘记你叫什么名字了，你能提醒一下吗?
You remind me of your father when you say 说到那的时候，我想起了你的父亲。
知识拓展：reminder 提醒物;引起回忆的事物
constantly 始终;一直;重复不断地 Fashion is constantly 时尚总是日新月异。 知识拓展：constant 连续发生的;不断的;重复的;
previous 先前的;以往的;(时间上)稍前的;
No previous experience is necessary for this 以往的经验对这项工作不是很有必要。
I couldn't believe it when I heard the 我听到这个消息的时候，我觉得简直令人那以置信。
I had only seen him the previous 我只在几天前见到过他。
知识拓展：previously 先前的;早先
The building had previously been used as a 这栋建筑早些时候被用作旅馆。
bend (bent bent)弯曲;使弯曲;弯腰;弯身;常用搭配有: bend one's mind/efforts
to 致力于某事 bend 迫使;说服 bend the truth 歪曲事实 It's hard to bend an iron 把铁棒弄弯很不容易。
She bent her head and kissed her 她低下头吻了她的女儿。
press 压;按;推;挤;坚持;敦促 报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界 She pressed a handkerchief to his 她用手绢捂住鼻子。 She pressed down hard on the gas 她用力踩下油门踏板。 He is still pressing her claim for 他仍坚持索赔。 The press was/were not allowed to attend the 庭审谢绝新闻采访。
switch & 用作名词表示“开关;转换”。用作动词表示“转换”。 She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was 她生第一个孩子的时候调整了工作，把全职工作转换成了兼职工作。 Press these two keys to switch between documents on 按这两个键来转换屏幕上的文件。
I can't work next week, will you switch with me? 下周我不想上班，你能和我换一下班。
lack & 用作名词，表示：“缺乏;短缺”;用作动词，表示：“缺乏;短缺;没有;不足”。 a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物/金钱/技能
The trip was cancelled through lack of 因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。 He lacks 他缺乏信心。
知识拓展：lacking 缺乏;没有;匮乏;不足
surroundings 环境;surround 围绕;环绕 surrounding 周围的;附近的 Everyone likes to work in pleasant 每个人都喜欢在愉快的环境中工作。
catch/gain/get sight of 发现，看出;lose sight of 看不见,忘记; lose one's sight 失明;at first sight 一见就;乍看起来;at (the) sight of 一看见就……;be in sight 看得见，在眼前;out of sight 看不见At first sight, the problem seems 乍一看，这个问题似乎很简单。 At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran 小男孩一看到老师就跑了。 The island is still in 小岛仍然在眼前。
Out of sight, out of 眼不见，心不烦。
take up：to fill or use an amount of space or time 占用(时间);占据(空间);to learn to or start to do sth 开始做(某项工作);开始从事;to accept that is offered or available 接受(建议或能得到的东西) The table takes up too much 这张桌子太占地儿。 They have taken up 他们学起打高尔夫球来了。 She took up his offer of a 他请她喝一杯，她接受了。 He takes up his duties next 他下周就要开始履行职责。
sweep up 打扫;清扫;横扫;涌向;快速地抱起 He swept up the baby up into his 他一把将孩子抱进怀里
【重点词汇、短语】
put forward 提出
conclude 结束，结论
draw a conclusion 得出结论
defeat 打败
attend 照顾，护理，出席
expose to 使显露
cure 治愈，治疗
challenge 挑战
suspect 怀疑，被怀疑者
blame 责备
handle 柄，把手，处理，掌控
link 联系，连接
link to 将…和…连接
announce 宣布
contribute 捐献，贡献
apart from 除了
be strict with 对…严格
make sense 讲的通，有意义
spin 使旋转
reject 拒绝，抛弃
【重点句型】
What do you know about infectious diseases?
你对传染性疾病了解多少?
John Snow was a famous doctor in London – so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal
约翰?斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为维多利亚女王的私人大夫。
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to
但当他一想到要帮助患了霍乱的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奋。
Neither its cause, nor its cure was
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was
他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their
第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed
约翰?斯诺猜想第二个理论是正确的，但他需要证据。
It seemed that the water was to
看来要归罪于饮用水了。
He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be
约翰?斯诺马上叫宽街上惊惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。
unite 联合
kingdom 王国
consist 组成
consist of由…组成
London Heathrow Airport伦敦希思罗机场
province 省
River Avon埃文河
River Thames泰晤士河
River Severn塞文河
divide…into把…分成
Wales威尔士
Scotland苏格兰
Northern Ireland北爱尔兰
clarify 澄清
accomplish 完成
conflict 矛盾
unwilling 不愿意(的)
break away(from)挣脱(束缚)
union 联合
the Union Jack英国国旗
credit 信任
to one‘s credit为……带来荣誉
currency 货币
institution 制度
education 教育的
convenience 便利
rough 粗糙的
roughly 粗略地
Midlands英格兰中部地区
nationwide 全国性的
attract 吸引
historical 历史(上)的
architecture 建筑学
Roman (古)罗马
collection 收藏品
administration 管理
port 港口
Anglo-Saxon 盎格鲁-撒克逊人
Norman 诺曼人
Viking 北欧海盗
countryside 乡下
enjoyable 令人愉快的
leave out省去
opportunity 机会
description 描写
furnished 配备好装备的
fax 传真(机)
possibility 可能性
plus 加上
quarrel 争吵
alike 相同的
take the place of代替
break down损坏
arrange筹备
wedding 婚礼
fold 对折
sightseeing 观光
delight 快乐
royal 王室的
uniform 制服
St Paul‘s Cathedral圣保罗大教堂
splendid 壮丽的
Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特教堂
statue 雕像
Buckingham Palace白金汉宫
Greenwich格林尼治
longitude 经线
imaginary 想象中的
navigation 导航
High gate Cemetery海格特墓地
communism 共产主义
original 最初的
thrill 使激动
pot 罐
error 错误
tense 时态
consistent 一致的
同义句转换
1）He speaks French as well as
He speaks French inaddition to/besides
2) Apart from the salary,it’s not a bad
In addition to/Exceptthe salary, it’s not a bad
announce: 公布；宣告
He announced 他宣布了他的决定。
absorb
1) 吸收 A sponge absorbs 海绵吸水。
【习惯用语】
2）专心于
★ be absorbed in sth: 专心的，全神贯注的
The little girl wasabsorbed in reading a 这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。
challenge 挑战; 挑战书; 邀请比赛; 要求决斗
向挑战, 要求, 怀疑 ; 挑战, 对(证据等)表示异议
meet the serious challenge 面对严峻挑战
高频短语必会
1．add up合计；加起来
I'm going to add up all the money I
我要合计一下我所有的钱。
[快速闪记]
(1)add的意思是“把……加上去”，不是“增加”，如“增加工资”，应用increase或raise。
(2)add to增加；add up to合计达；把……加到……
Please add up the numbers and I'm sure they will add up to more than 1，
请把这些数字加起来，我确信它们加起来多于1 000。
2．calm() down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
The crying child soon calmed
哭闹的小孩儿不一会儿就安静下来了。
3．go through 经历，经受；穿过；仔细检查；完成；用完
I went through the same thing last
我去年也经历了同样的事情。
I can't go through the book in one
这本书我一天看不完。
[快速闪记]
go up上升；攀登；增长；被建造起来
go with陪……一起去；伴随；与……相配
go without 没有，缺乏，将就；不言而喻，理所当然
go wrong出毛病；失败
4．set down 记下；放下；登记
I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people 我不想像大多数人那样做的在日记里记下一系列的事实。
[快速闪记]
set down记下；放下；登记；让某人下车
set aside把……放在一边；省出，留出(钱或时间)
set up建立；创立；开办
set off动身；使爆炸
set about (doing) sth 开始/着手(做)某事
set out出发，动身；开始(后跟不定式)
5．a series of一连串的；一系列；一套
Then they began a series of
这时他们开始了一系列的试验。
6．on purpose 故意
I came here on purpose to see
我特地来这里看你。
7．in order to 为了……
In order to catch the train，she got up
为了赶上火车，她起床很早。
He decided to work harder so as to/in order to catch up with the
他决心更加努力学习，以便赶上其他人。
[快速闪记]
in order to为了……，表目的，后接动词原形，可位于句首或句中，相当于so as to，但后者不能位于句首。其否定形式为：in order not to/so as not to。
8．no longer 不再……
He was long a famous musician，but he plays no longer/doesn't play any
他成为有名的音乐家已很久了，但他现在不演奏了。
9．suffer from遭受；患病
Do you often suffer from a headache?
你经常头痛吗？
[快速闪记]
(1)suffer后常接hunger，pain，loss，defeat，poverty，punishment，hardship，damage等名词作宾语。
(2)suffer from后常接表示疾病的名称或造成不幸、痛苦的事物的名称作宾语。
10．get/be tired of对……厌烦
get/be tired from/with因……而疲倦、劳累
11．fall in love 相爱；爱上
The first time Tom saw Mary，he fell in love with 第一次见到Mary就爱上了她。
[快速闪记]
(1)fall in love (with sb)爱上(某人)，表示动作，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
(2)be in love (with sb) (与某人) 相爱，属状态性动词短语，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。
12．join in参加；加入
They danced and danced until a lot of us joined
他们不停地跳着舞，直到我们中间许多人都参加了进去。
(1)join in指参加正在进行的活动，其宾语一般是竞赛、娱乐、谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏等名词，可用于join in (doing) sth/join sb in (doing) sth。
(2)join常指加入某组织或团体，并成为其中的一员，其宾语往往是the army/team/club或sb 等。
【微语】无论生活如何艰难，也要保持内心的宁静与善良，因为这是你的力量源泉。
