缺一介词
① 有些动词后有时有介词，有时没有介词，可能混淆而缺一介词。如：attend a meeting, 但 attend ∧(to) the patient; prepare breakfast, 但 prepare∧ (for) the exam; join us, 但 join∧(in) a
② 表语形容词通常具有动词意义，很可能误以为是动词而漏掉介词。如：be afraid ∧(of) nothing, be present ∧(at) the meeting, be sure ∧(about) it。
③ except, instead of, from, since, till, until 后面可跟另一介词词组充当介词宾语，可能会漏掉第 2 个介词。如：He came on foot instead of ∧ (by) big bear ran out from ∧ (behind) a
④ hundreds, thousands 等后面可能漏掉 of。类似的还有millions ∧ (of), dozens ∧ (of), scores ∧ (of)
缺一连词
① 汉语常用意合法，分句与分句之间往往不用连词，但英语里不行。如：
It began to rain, ∧ (and) they had to stop the (如果中间用分号可不用连词)
It was late, ∧ (so) we went
You like sports, ∧ (while) I’d rather
He looked for the key, ∧ (but) didn’t find
② 受汉语影响，并列动词词组之间可能缺一个and。如：
She smiled ∧ (and) said good-bye to her
③ 名词性从句 that分句置于句首或作同位语时不可缺少连词。如：
∧ (That) she is beautiful is known to us
We heard the news ∧ (that) our team had
④ even 后可能缺少 if 或 though。如：
He walks as ∧ (if 或 though) he were
缺一代词
① 充当定语从句主语的关系代词不能缺少。如：
The accident ∧ (that) happened yesterday was very
② 英语中用来替代前面的“the + 名词”的 that(单数)和 those(复数)，在汉语中往往很可能漏掉。如：
The population of China is much larger than ∧ (that) of
These shirts are expensive, but∧ (those) which we saw the other day were even more
缺一助动词或连系动词 be
① 表语不是名词时，可能缺少连系动词 be，因为汉语在这种情况下不用“是”。如：
He ∧ (is) afraid of his
The match ∧ (is)
② 被动语态中缺少助动词 be，成了主动语态。如：
He has ∧ (been) asked to sing in
③ 完成体中缺少助动词 have，成了一般过去时。如：
We realized that we ∧ (had) lost our
They ∧ (have) lived here since
④ 在倒装句中缺少助动词或情态动词。如：
Hardly ∧ (had) I reached the bus stop when the bus
Seldom ∧ (do) I get invited into the office
only in this way ∧ (can) you learn English
缺一冠词
① 在 such 或 so + 形容词与单数可数名词连用时，不可缺 a (an)。如：
He is such ∧ (an) honest boy that all of us like
This is so good ∧ (a) book that I read it
② 表示“有些”时，little, few前面不可缺少 a。如：
Don’t There is ∧ (a) little time
③ many 前有 great, good 时，要加 a。如：∧(a) great many 若 many 后接单数名词，中间须有 a (an)。如：Many ∧ (a) man has tried it
④ 一些不可数名词前，有形容词修饰表示“一种(场)等”时，要加 a (an)。如：
It’s ∧ (a) famous Chinese
There was∧ (a) heavy rain last
⑤ 用专有名词表示“一个像(叫)……的人”时，用 a (an), 如：
He wished to be ∧ (a) Lei
∧ (A) Mr Wang called you up just
⑥“形容词比较级 + of the two…”前必须用 the。如：
He is ∧ (the) better one of the
缺小品词 to
① 不定式充当各种成分，一般都不能缺少 to。如：
She went there ∧ (to) see her
He asked me not ∧ (to) go
I have something important ∧ (to) tell
② make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch 等动词变成被动语态时，充当主语补足语的不定式前的 to需还原。如：
She was made ∧ (to) do heavy
The blind man was seen ∧ (to) cross the
错词的情况最为复杂，大致可分为虚词选择错误、实词词形错误、同(近)义、形似词选择错误等。
虚词选择错误
① 介词或副词选择错误：这种情况极为复杂，各种情况都有可能。这里只提供几组作为参考：before / ago, among / between, after / in, below / under, on / above / over, across / through, except / besides, with / in(用), to / for (对于), like / as 等。
② 连词选择错误或连词与介词混淆。如：because / for(since, as), if / whether, if / unless, so as / so that, hardly … when / no sooner… than, while / when, till / until等。
③ 感叹句用词选择错误：how / what。
④ 冠词选择错误：a / an, a (an) / the。
实词词形错误
① 名词词形错误：名词的单复数形式，特别注意不规则名词的复数形式;名词的所有格，特别注意不规则复数名词的所有格，如：the children’s;名词所有格的绝对形式。如：My son is older than my elder brother’
② 动词词形错误：不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误，特别注意几组易于混淆的词，如：lie(躺) / lie(说谎) / lay;hang(挂) / hang(绞死);find / found(建立);fall / fell(砍倒);bear(忍受) / bear(生育)等的过去式与过去分词。非谓语动词用法的选择，特别是充当状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词还是现在分词(取决于主语、名词中心词与宾语的关系);在 to 后是用不定式还是动名词(取决于to是介词还是小品词);以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式，必须与第 1 个动词保持一致。谓语动词时态形式的选择，是现在时还是过去时还是其他时态;情态动词和 will(would), shall (should) 等助动词后面的动词形式的选择(只能用原形)。
③ 形容词与副词词形错误：是用原级、比较级还是级，是加 more, most 还是加 -er, -est 构成比较级和级。
④ 词性选择错误：不同的词性充当不同的句子成分，要注意实词的词性是否适合其功能，不符合则应换用适当的派生词。其中特别要注意：连系动词后常用形容词充当表语，而不用副词。如：He feels 作状语用副词，而不用形容词。如：He works
同义词、近义词、形似词选择错误
这里举一些常见的例子：
accept / receive, alive, living / lively, allow / let, alone / lonely, aloud / loudly, already / yet / still, also / too / either, number / amount / quantity, answer / reply, asleep / sleepy / sleeping, bring / take / fetch / carry, clothes / clothing, deep / deeply, cost / spend / take / pay, hard / hardly, high / highly, job / work, late / lately, lend / borrow, raise / rise, say / speak / tell / talk, sit / seat, sound / noise / voice
多一连词
① 状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词。
如：though… but; because… so; the more… and the more
② 充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。
如：
Sitting down and he began to
Regarded as the best in the class, so he was praised at the
③ 从属连词后多一 that。
如：because that… since that…, unless that…
④ 复合宾语前多一 that。
如：
I heard that him say
I found that her lying on the
多一冠词
① 与介词 at, in, to连用的名词 school, class, town, hospital, church, prison, bed 等表示与其有关的活动时，用冠词是多余的。
如：go to the school(上学), be in the prison(坐牢), be in the bed(在睡觉)
② 与 by 连用的交通工具名称和 air, land, sea 等名词前用冠词是多余的。
如：by the bike, by the sea, by the train
③ 表示游戏活动而不是表示游戏工具的名词前不用冠词。
如：play the / a volleyball, play the chess, play the table tennis
④ 由“专有名词 + 普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用定冠词。
如：the Beijing Airport, the Oxford Street, the Hyde Park
⑤ 在一些固定搭配中。
如：at the first, at the last, the most of us
⑥ most 作“非常”解时，前面用 the 是多余的。
如：
Oh! It’s the most beautiful!
She is the most
⑦ 含有 Day 的节日前加 the 是多余的。
如：the May Day, the Women’s Day, the National day, the New Year’s Day
⑧ 在“名词 + as / though…”结构中，名词前不用任何冠词。
如：a child as he is / a fool as he is
多一代词
① 主语与谓语之间多一关系代词。
如：
Some people don’t like football, but many people who do like
② 作定语的分词前多一关系代词。
如：
I know the boy who standing (也可在 who 后加 is)
The man who invited to the ball last night is my (也可在 who 后加was)
③ 定语从句中的名词已由关系代词取代，再用代词则是多余的。
如：
She bought the book (that) she had first asked for
I have seen the girl (whom) you are talking of
④ 用不定式作定语时，如果其逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是被修饰的名词词组，后面再用代词是多余的。
如：
The tea is too hot to drink
He is a good comrade to work with
⑤ 在“形容词 + 不定式”句型中，如果不定式的逻辑宾语或介词宾语就是句子的主语，再用代词作宾语或介词宾语则是多余的。
如：
This question is too difficult to answer
The house is nice to live in
⑥ 在“连词 + 分词 / 名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词词组”结构中，加上代词作主语是多余的。
如：
He took notes while he
If it heated, ice turns to
多一连词
① 状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词。
如：though… but; because… so; the more… and the more
② 充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。
如：
Sitting down and he began to
Regarded as the best in the class, so he was praised at the
③ 从属连词后多一 that。
如：because that… since that…, unless that…
④ 复合宾语前多一 that。
如：
I heard that him say
I found that her lying on the
多一助动词
① 时间、条件从句中用一般现在时表示将来时，用 will, would 是多余的。
如：
If he will try hard, he will
I’ll tell them about it as soon as they will
② be sure 或 make sure + that 从句中用一般现在时表将来，用 will, would 是多余的。
如：
I make sure that you will come
③ 在宾语从句中主语前的助动词是多余的。
如：
Would you tell me what do you want?
④ 独立结构中的 be(助动词或连系动词)是多余的。
如：
The game was over, he went
She smiled, tears were still running down her
高一英语短文改错常考知识点：主谓一致
从广义来说，英语中的一致问题涉及多个方面，如主谓一致、人称的一致、并列结构的前后一致等。由于人称的一致已归入“代词”考点、并列结构的前后一致已分别归入非谓语动词、时态等，所以这里只归纳主谓一致问题。
真题单句归纳：
(1) Bill was standing at the side of the car， talking to two men who was
helping him to repair (was 改为were，因先行词 two men 是复数，所以修饰该先行词的定语从句的谓语动词也应用复数)
(全国卷)
(2)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give
us a sense of fair play and team (give 改为 gives，它与makes
为平行结构，构成并列谓语动词)
(3) But then there is always more mysteries to look (is 改为 are，因其后的
mysteries 为复数，故谓语动词要用复数) (北京春季卷)
(4) One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was
(was改为were，因为主语their parents是复数，所以不用was要用were)(福建卷)
错词的情况最为复杂，大致可分为虚词选择错误、实词词形错误、同(近)义、形似词选择错误等。
虚词选择错误
① 介词或副词选择错误：这种情况极为复杂，各种情况都有可能。这里只提供几组作为参考：before / ago, among / between, after / in, below / under, on / above / over, across / through, except / besides, with / in(用), to / for (对于), like / as 等。
② 连词选择错误或连词与介词混淆。如：because / for(since, as), if / whether, if / unless, so as / so that, hardly … when / no sooner… than, while / when, till / until等。
③ 感叹句用词选择错误：how / what。
④ 冠词选择错误：a / an, a (an) / the。
实词词形错误
① 名词词形错误：名词的单复数形式，特别注意不规则名词的复数形式;名词的所有格，特别注意不规则复数名词的所有格，如：the children’s;名词所有格的绝对形式。如：My son is older than my elder brother’
② 动词词形错误：不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误，特别注意几组易于混淆的词，如：lie(躺) / lie(说谎) / lay;hang(挂) / hang(绞死);find / found(建立);fall / fell(砍倒);bear(忍受) / bear(生育)等的过去式与过去分词。非谓语动词用法的选择，特别是充当状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词还是现在分词(取决于主语、名词中心词与宾语的关系);在 to 后是用不定式还是动名词(取决于to是介词还是小品词);以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式，必须与第 1 个动词保持一致。谓语动词时态形式的选择，是现在时还是过去时还是其他时态;情态动词和 will(would), shall (should) 等助动词后面的动词形式的选择(只能用原形)。
③ 形容词与副词词形错误：是用原级、比较级还是级，是加 more, most 还是加 -er, -est 构成比较级和级。
④ 词性选择错误：不同的词性充当不同的句子成分，要注意实词的词性是否适合其功能，不符合则应换用适当的派生词。其中特别要注意：连系动词后常用形容词充当表语，而不用副词。如：He feels 作状语用副词，而不用形容词。如：He works
同义词、近义词、形似词选择错误
这里举一些常见的例子：
accept / receive, alive, living / lively, allow / let, alone / lonely, aloud / loudly, already / yet / still, also / too / either, number / amount / quantity, answer / reply, asleep / sleepy / sleeping, bring / take / fetch / carry, clothes / clothing, deep / deeply, cost / spend / take / pay, hard / hardly, high / highly, job / work, late / lately, lend / borrow, raise / rise, say / speak / tell / talk, sit / seat, sound / noise / voice
缺一介词
① 有些动词后有时有介词，有时没有介词，可能混淆而缺一介词。如：attend a meeting, 但 attend ∧(to) the patient; prepare breakfast, 但 prepare∧ (for) the exam; join us, 但 join∧(in) a
② 表语形容词通常具有动词意义，很可能误以为是动词而漏掉介词。如：be afraid ∧(of) nothing, be present ∧(at) the meeting, be sure ∧(about) it。
③ except, instead of, from, since, till, until 后面可跟另一介词词组充当介词宾语，可能会漏掉第 2 个介词。如：He came on foot instead of ∧ (by) big bear ran out from ∧ (behind) a
④ hundreds, thousands 等后面可能漏掉 of。类似的还有millions ∧ (of), dozens ∧ (of), scores ∧ (of)
缺一连词
① 汉语常用意合法，分句与分句之间往往不用连词，但英语里不行。如：
It began to rain, ∧ (and) they had to stop the (如果中间用分号可不用连词)
It was late, ∧ (so) we went
You like sports, ∧ (while) I’d rather
He looked for the key, ∧ (but) didn’t find
② 受汉语影响，并列动词词组之间可能缺一个and。如：
She smiled ∧ (and) said good-bye to her
③ 名词性从句 that分句置于句首或作同位语时不可缺少连词。如：
∧ (That) she is beautiful is known to us
We heard the news ∧ (that) our team had
④ even 后可能缺少 if 或 though。如：
He walks as ∧ (if 或 though) he were
缺一代词
① 充当定语从句主语的关系代词不能缺少。如：
The accident ∧ (that) happened yesterday was very
② 英语中用来替代前面的“the + 名词”的 that(单数)和 those(复数)，在汉语中往往很可能漏掉。如：
The population of China is much larger than ∧ (that) of
These shirts are expensive, but∧ (those) which we saw the other day were even more
缺一助动词或连系动词 be
① 表语不是名词时，可能缺少连系动词 be，因为汉语在这种情况下不用“是”。如：
He ∧ (is) afraid of his
The match ∧ (is)
② 被动语态中缺少助动词 be，成了主动语态。如：
He has ∧ (been) asked to sing in
③ 完成体中缺少助动词 have，成了一般过去时。如：
We realized that we ∧ (had) lost our
They ∧ (have) lived here since
④ 在倒装句中缺少助动词或情态动词。如：
Hardly ∧ (had) I reached the bus stop when the bus
Seldom ∧ (do) I get invited into the office
only in this way ∧ (can) you learn English
缺一冠词
① 在 such 或 so + 形容词与单数可数名词连用时，不可缺 a (an)。如：
He is such ∧ (an) honest boy that all of us like
This is so good ∧ (a) book that I read it
② 表示“有些”时，little, few前面不可缺少 a。如：
Don’t There is ∧ (a) little time
③ many 前有 great, good 时，要加 a。如：∧(a) great many 若 many 后接单数名词，中间须有 a (an)。如：Many ∧ (a) man has tried it
④ 一些不可数名词前，有形容词修饰表示“一种(场)等”时，要加 a (an)。如：
It’s ∧ (a) famous Chinese
There was∧ (a) heavy rain last
⑤ 用专有名词表示“一个像(叫)……的人”时，用 a (an), 如：
He wished to be ∧ (a) Lei
∧ (A) Mr Wang called you up just
⑥“形容词比较级 + of the two…”前必须用 the。如：
He is ∧ (the) better one of the
缺小品词 to
① 不定式充当各种成分，一般都不能缺少 to。如：
She went there ∧ (to) see her
He asked me not ∧ (to) go
I have something important ∧ (to) tell
② make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch 等动词变成被动语态时，充当主语补足语的不定式前的 to需还原。如：
She was made ∧ (to) do heavy
The blind man was seen ∧ (to) cross the
【微语】不要猴子掰包谷，见哪样都喜欢，最后两手皆空；不要站在原地，机遇不是馅饼，不会无故砸向你；不要悲天悯人，只有奋发前行，好运才会相伴。
